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the logarithm of the other coordinate.
Horizontal Vertical
coordinate coordinate
20 ----------------------------------------- 0
21 ----------------------------------------- 2
22 ----------------------------------------- 4
23 ----------------------------------------- 8
24 --------------------------------------- 16
25 --------------------------------------- 32
26 --------------------------------------- 64
27 -------------------------------------- 128
28 -------------------------------------- 256
logic. The branch of science that deals with the principles used in truth tables. Logic has become of major
importance, with the introduction of digital electronics and especially digital computers. Electronic logic
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uses Boolean algebra, which allows a person to set up conditions using such operators as AND, OR, NOT,
IF, ONLY IF, or THEN. By using these conditions and answering them with YES or NO that can be
produced by a switch being open or closed, logic conclusions can be reached.
Electronic logic circuits use gates which are combinations of switches with a single output, but
with one or more inputs. For any given combination of logic conditions (yes or no, one or zero) on the
inputs, there can be one and only one logic condition on the output. The most commonly used logic gates
are the AND gate, the OR gate, and the NOT gate (an inverter). See the definitions for each of these gates.
logic circuit. An electronic circuit that operates according to the fundamental laws of logic.
logic decision. A decision based on logic. This is the type of decision made by a digital computer when
there are two possible conditions or alternatives.
If a computer is instructed to count ten items and then turn off the power to a motor, it will count
one item and then ask for a logic decision to be made: “Have ten items been counted?” If the answer is NO,
the computer will make the logic decision to count again. After the tenth item has been counted and the
computer asks the question “have ten items been counted?” the answer is now YES, and the computer will
make the logic decision to turn off the power to the motor.
A decision point where the computer is asked to make a logic decision is shown on a flowchart as
a diamond.
logic flowchart. A graphic way to show the flow of information through a computer program. An oval
shape shows the point at which the program starts or stops. A rectangular box is an information box that
explains something. A box shaped like a parallelogram is a point where data is put into the program or
taken from it. A diamond-shaped box is a decision point at which a logic decision must be made.
logic functions (logic gates). Some of the logic functions, or gates, most frequently used in digital
computers are: AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, and EXCLUSIVE OR. See definitions of each of these
terms.
logic one. One of the two conditions (zero and one) used when working with digital electronic equipment.
A logic one represents a YES or a TRUE condition, and it is produced by a closed switch or by the
presence of a voltage.
logic probe. An electronic instrument that determines the logic level, or state, (0 or 1) at specific points in a
digital circuit.
logic state. The logic condition of a conductor in a piece of digital electronic equipment — that is, whether
the conductor is carrying a logic zero or a logic one.
logic zero. One of the two conditions (zero and one) used when working with digital electronic equipment.
A logic zero represents a NO or a FALSE condition, and it is produced by an open switch or by no voltage.
lomcovàk (aerobatic maneuver). A family of high-precision maneuvers in which the gyroscopic action of
the propeller works with the aerodynamic forces to cause the airplane to tumble end over end and rotate
about all three of its axes.
longeron (aircraft structural component). The main longitudinal, load-bearing members of a truss-type
aircraft fuselage.
longitude (navigation). The angular east-west measurement of location on the earth’s surface. The surface
of the earth is divided by 360 meridians, or lines of longitude, that pass through both the north and south
poles. The meridian passing through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, near London, England, is 0°
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longitude and is called the prime meridian. On the opposite side of the earth is the 180° meridian.
Longitude east of the prime meridian is called east longitude, and that west of the prime meridian is called
west longitude.
　
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