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The impedance of the primary winding of the transformer is the same as the output impedance of
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 376
the source, and the impedance of its secondary winding is the same as the impedance of the load. The
maximum amount of power can be transferred in an electrical circuit when the impedance of the source
matches the impedance of the load.
matrix (composite materials component). The material that bonds the fibers together and carries the
stresses into the fibers in a piece of advanced composite structure. Resins are the most widely used matrix
material.
matter. Anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter may exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and all
matter has both physical and chemical properties.
maximum allowable zero-fuel weight (aircraft specification). The maximum weight authorized for an
aircraft that does not include the weight of the fuel.
maximum authorized altitude (air traffic control). A published altitude representing the maximum
usable altitude or flight level for an airspace structure or route segment. It is the highest altitude on a
Federal airway, jet route, area navigation low or high route, or other direct route for which an MEA is
designated in 14 CFR Part 95, at which adequate reception of navigation aid signals is assured.
maximum landing weight (aircraft specification). The greatest weight an aircraft is allowed to have
when it lands. A takeoff places much less strain on an aircraft structure than a landing, and many aircraft
that fly for long distances are allowed to takeoff with a greater weight than they are allowed to have for
landing.
If an aircraft leaves with its maximum takeoff weight and must return for landing before it has
burned off enough fuel to get down to its allowable landing weight, it must be able to dump part of its fuel
load.
maximum takeoff weight (aircraft specification). The maximum allowable weight at the start of the
takeoff run. The aircraft may be initially loaded to a greater weight to allow for fuel burnoff during ground
operation.
The takeoff weight for a particular flight may be limited to a lesser weight when runway length,
atmospheric conditions, or other variables are adverse.
maximum weight (aircraft specification). The maximum authorized weight of the aircraft and all of its
equipment as specified in the TCDS (Type Certificate Data Sheets) for the aircraft.
maximum wind axis (meteorology). A line on a constant-pressure chart which denotes the axis of
maximum wind speeds at that constant-pressure surface.
maxwell (unit of magnetic flux). The unit of magnetic flux in the centimeter-gram-second system of
measurements. One maxwell is equal to one line of magnetic flux. One maxwell gives a magnetic induction
of one gauss per square centimeter.
mayday. The international call for help, used with voice radio transmission. The term “mayday” comes
from the French word m’aidez (help me), pronounced “mayday” in English. Mayday is used in voice
transmission in the same way the letters SOS are used in code transmission.
MCA (minimum crossing altitude). The lowest altitude at certain fixes at which an aircraft must cross
when proceeding in the direction of a higher minimum en route IFR altitude (MEA).
MCW (modulated continuous wave). A type of radio code transmission in which the carrier wave is
modulated with a continuous audio-frequency tone. Code is sent by transmitting the modulated carrier in
short and long pulses, or bursts. The short pulses are called dots, and the long pulses are called dashes.
Modulated continuous wave code differs from continuous wave (CW) code in that a
beat-frequency oscillator is not needed in the receiver for MCW to be heard.
MDA (minimum descent altitude). 14 CFR Part 1: “The lowest altitude, expressed in feet above mean
sea level, to which descent is authorized on final approach or during circle-to-land maneuvering in
execution of a standard instrument approach procedure, where no electronic glide slope is provided.”
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 377
MEA (minimum enroute IFR altitude). The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures
acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.
The MEA prescribed for a federal airway or segment thereof, area navigation low or high route, or
other direct route applies to the entire width of the airway, segment, or route between the radio fixes
defining that airway, segment, or route.
mean. A term used for the middle-point, or median. Mean sea level is the midpoint between the highest and
　
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