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torque limited (turboprop or turboshaft engine limitation). A limit placed on a turboprop or turboshaft
engine that restricts the amount of power the engine is allowed to deliver to the propeller or to the
rotor-drive system. This limit is imposed because of the strength of the drive-train mechanism or the
strength of the aircraft structure.
torque links (aircraft shock absorber component). A hinged link between the cylinder and piston of an
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 589
aircraft shock absorber. Torque links prevent the piston from turning inside the cylinder, but they allow it to
move up and down to absorb the landing and taxi shocks. Torque links are also called scissors and
nutcrackers.
torquemeter. An instrument used with some of the larger reciprocating engines and turboprop engines to
measure the amount of torque the engine is producing.
torque tube (aircraft control system component). A tube in an aircraft control system that transmits a
torsional force from the operating control to the control surface. Torque tubes are often used to actuate
ailerons and flaps.
torque wrench (precision measuring tool). A precision hand tool used to measure the amount of torque
being applied to a threaded fastener by the wrench. Torque is normally measured by measuring the amount
a beam in the wrench bends when the torque is being applied. See deflecting-beam torque wrench.
torr (unit of pressure). A unit used to measure a low pressure or vacuum. One torr is equal to one
millimeter of mercury, or 1/760 of the standard atmospheric pressure.
torsional force. A twisting force. A torsional force is made up of a tensile force and a compressive force
acting at right angles to each other and at 45° to the axis of the object. Torsional forces are the main forces
acting on propeller shafts and helicopter rotor shafts.
torsion rod. A device in a spring tab to which the control horn is attached. For normal operation, the
torsion rod acts as a fixed attachment point, but when the control surface loads are high, the torsion rod
twists and allows the control horn to deflect the spring tab.
total pressure (Pt). The pressure a moving mass of fluid would have if it were stopped. Total pressure is
the sum of static pressure and the pressure due to ram effect.
total temperature (Tt). The temperature of a fluid that is stopped from its motion. Total temperature is the
sum of the static temperature of the fluid and the temperature caused by ram effect as the fluid is stopped.
touch and go (aircraft operation). A type of flight practice in which the pilot makes a series of landings
and takeoffs. The landing is made, but the aircraft is not allowed to come to a complete stop before power
is applied and the takeoff is made.
touchdown zone (air traffic control). The first 3,000 feet of a runway beginning at the threshold. This
area is used for determining the touchdown zone elevation in the development of straight-in landing
minimums for instrument approaches.
toughness (material characteristic). The characteristic of a material that allows it to be deformed by
twisting, pulling, hammering, or bending without its breaking.
towering cumulus (meteorology). A rapidly growing cumulus cloud in which its height is greater than its
width.
tower visibility (meteorology). Prevailing visibility as determined from an airport control tower.
towing eye (aircraft structural component). A ring, usually installed on some strong part of the landing
gear of an aircraft, to which a tow bar or cable can be attached to move the aircraft on the ground.
Townend ring (aircraft component). A type of ring cowling used over a single-row radial engine. The
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 590
Townend ring, often called a speed ring, directs the air smoothly over the cylinder heads to increase the
cooling and decrease the drag.
tower (air traffic control facility). A terminal facility that uses air/ground communications, visual
signaling, and other devices to provide ATC services to aircraft operating in the vicinity of the airport or on
the movement area. Tower controllers authorize aircraft to land or takeoff at the airport or to transit the
Class D airspace regardless of flight plan or weather conditions. A tower may also provide approach
control services.
TPX-42 (air traffic control equipment). A numeric beacon decoder equipment/system, designed to be
added to terminal radar systems for beacon decoding. TPX-42 provides rapid target identification,
reinforcement of the primary radar target, and altitude information from Mode C.
traffic pattern. The traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from an
　
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