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called translational lift.
translucent. The condition of a material that diffuses the rays of light passing through it. This diffused
light prevents objects being seen clearly when viewed through the material.
transmissometer (meteorology). An instrument system which shows the transmissibility of light through
the atmosphere. Transmissibility may be translated either automatically or manually into visibility and/or
runway visual range (RVR).
transmission line (electrical conductor). A conductor used to transfer electrical energy from its source to
the load using it.
transmit (communications operation). To send information or data from one location to another. When a
message is transmitted by radio, the information is changed into electromagnetic waves radiated out into
space from the transmitting antenna. Radiated waves of electromagnetic energy are received by another
antenna and changed back into the form of the original data.
transmitter (communications equipment). An electronic device that produces a radio-frequency carrier
wave that can be modulated with information or data. The RF carrier produces electromagnetic energy that
is radiated from an antenna.
transom (seaplane float component). The square stern of a seaplane float.
transonic flight. Flight in which an airplane transitions from subsonic speed to a speed at or beyond the
speed of sound. Transonic flight is considered to be between about 600 and 900 miles per hour, a speed of
between Mach 0.8 and Mach 1.2. At this speed, some air passing over the aircraft is subsonic and other air
is supersonic. Abrupt changes in the flight characteristics of an airplane take place in transonic flight.
transparent. The condition of a material that allows rays of light to pass through it without being diffused,
or scattered. Clear glass is transparent, allowing objects seen through it to be recognized.
transponder (radar beacon transponder). The airborne radar beacon receiver/transmitter portion of the
air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS). The transponder automatically receives radio signals
from interrogators on the ground, and it selectively replies from a specific reply pulse or pulse group only
to those interrogations being received on the mode to which it is set to respond. See radar beacon
transponder.
transverse pitch (rivet spacing). The distance between the center of rivets in two adjacent rows.
Transverse pitch is also called rivet gage. See illustration for gage (rivet).
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Page 594
transverse wave. A type of mechanical wave in which the material being vibrated moves in a direction
perpendicular to the direction the wave is moving. Transverse waves are formed when a rock is thrown into
a pond of water. The surface of the water moves up and down as the wave moves across the pond.
trapezoid. A plane, closed, four-sided figure. Only two of the sides of a trapezoid are parallel to each other.
trend monitoring (turbine engine maintenance). A system for monitoring the performance of a turbine
engine by routine comparison of performance parameters with a base line of the same parameters
established when the engine was new or newly overhauled. EGT, RPM, fuel flow, and oil consumption are
monitored on every flight, and the difference between the current indication and the base line is plotted.
Any deviation from a normal increase or decrease warns the technician of an impending problem.
triac (electronic component). A form of thyristor, similar to a silicon controlled rectifier, except it
controls current flow in either direction. A triac acts as two SCRs connected in parallel, with the anode of
one connected to the cathode of the other. A triac does not conduct until a pulse of voltage is applied to its
gate. But once it begins to conduct, it can be turned off only by reducing the voltage across it to a value low
enough to stop the current flowing through it. See thyristor.
triangle. A closed, plane, three-sided figure. The sum of the three angles in a triangle is always 180°.
triangulation (navigation). A method of determining the location of an aircraft by radio bearings. Lines
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 595
are drawn from two or more VOR stations along the radials on which the aircraft is located. The location
on the chart where these lines cross is the location of the aircraft.
triboelectricity. Electrostatic charges built up because of friction between different materials.
triboelectric series. A list of materials which can be rubbed together to produce electrostatic charges.
When any two materials in this series are rubbed together, the material higher in the list loses electrons and
　
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