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• Change of Cruise Level: Any climb or descent during cruise after the initial climb to cruise,
but before descent to the destination.
• Descent: IFR: Descent from cruise to either Initial Approach Fix (IAF) or VFR pattern entry.
VFR: Descent from cruise to the VFR pattern entry or 1,000 feet above the runway
elevation, whichever comes first.
• Holding: Execution of a predetermined maneuver (usually an oval race track pattern) which
keeps the aircraft within a specified airspace while awaiting further clearance. Descent
during holding is also covered in this sub-phase.
MANEUVERING (MNV)
Low altitude/aerobatic flight operations.
This phase of flight includes the following sub-phases:
• Aerobatics: Any intentional maneuvering that exceeds 30 degrees of pitch attitude or
60 degrees of bank, or both, or abnormal acceleration (usually associated with air shows and
military flight, or with related training flights).
• Low Flying: Intentional low-altitude flight not connected with a landing or takeoff, usually
in preparation for or during observation work, demonstration, photography work, aerial
application, training, sight seeing, ostentatious display, or other similar activity. For
rotorcraft, this also includes hovering (not associated with landing or takeoff) and handling
external loads.
Page Revised 2/2006 Page 6
APPROACH (APR)
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): From the Initial Approach Fix (IAF) to the beginning of
the landing flare. Visual Flight Rules (VFR): From the point of VFR pattern entry, or
1,000 feet above the runway elevation, to the beginning of the landing flare.
This phase of flight includes the following sub-phases:
• Initial Approach (IFR): From the IAF to the Final Approach Fix (FAF).
• Final Approach (IFR): From the FAF to the beginning of the landing flare.
• Circuit Pattern—Downwind (VFR): A flight path (normally 1,000 feet above the runway)
which commences abeam the departure end of the runway and runs parallel to the runway in
the direction opposite to landing, and terminates upon initiating the turn to base leg.
• Circuit Pattern—Base (VFR): From start of turn at end of downwind leg until the start of the
turn for final.
• Circuit Pattern—Final (VFR): From the start of the turn to intercept the extended runway
centerline, normally at the end of base leg, to the beginning of the landing flare. Includes
VFR straight-in approaches.
• Circuit Pattern—Crosswind (VFR): A flight path of the VFR traffic pattern, which is
perpendicular to the landing runway, crosses the departure end of the runway, and connects
with the downwind leg.
• Missed Approach/Go-Around: From the first application of power after the crew elects to
execute a missed approach or go-around until the aircraft re-enters the sequence for a VFR
　
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