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228 will move the CG to +33.0.
Appendix–
A
Appendix
Supplemental Study Materials for Aircraft Weight and Balance
Advisory Circulars (check for most current revision)
AC 43.13-1B, Acceptable Methods, Techniques, and
Practices - Aircraft Inspection and Repair
AC 65-9A, Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General
Handbook
AC 90-89A, Amateur-Built Aircraft and Ultralight Flight
Testing Handbook
Other Study Materials
Aviation Maintenance Technician Series - General (AMT -G)
Aviation Supplies & Academics (ASA), Inc
Aircraft Basic Science (ABS)
Glencoe Division, Macmillan/McGraw-Hill Publications
Company
A & P Technician General Textbook (EA-ITP-G2)
Jeppesen-Sanderson, Inc.
Introduction to Aircraft Maintenance
Avotek Informantion Resources
Appendix–
Glossary–
G
Glossary
A note on glossary terms: over the years there has been
a proliferation of aircraft weight and balance terms.
This is the result of many factors such as: the FAA
certification regulation an aircraft was constructed
under, the FAA regulation the aircraft is being operated
under, manufacturers standardization agreements, or a
combination of these and others (an example are terms
such as: Empty Weight, Licensed Empty Weight, Basic
Empty Weight, Operational Empty Weight, and so on).
Many of these terms may have similar meanings or sound
similar. Pilots and aircraft mechanics must ensure they
understand the terminology and are applying the correct
values based on the procedure and situation dictating the
calculations undertaken.
In the Glossary, occasionally terms or a term word will
be followed by the word GAMA in parentheses, this
indicates that it is part of the standardized format adopted
by the General Aviation Manufacturers Association in
1976 know as GAMA Specification No.1. These aircraft in
general are manufactured under 14 CFR part 23 and differ
from aircraft manufactured under the earlier certification
rule Civil Air Regulation Part 3 for weight and balance
purposes in the condition under which empty weight was
established.
The aircraft that are certified per 14 CFR parts 23, 25,
27, and 29 established their certificated empty weight as
required in the appropriate section of these regulations
which to paraphrase states: The empty weight and
corresponding center of gravity must be determined by
weighting the aircraft with:
• Fixed ballast
• Unusable fuel
• Full operating fluid, including, oil, hydraulic fluid, and
other fluids required for normal operation of the aircraft
systems, except potable water, lavatory precharge
water, and water intended for injection in the engine(s).
In contrast aircraft certificated under the older Civil Air
Regulations (CARs) established certificated empty weight
under similar conditions as the newer aircraft with the
important exception that the aircraft weight did not include
full oil, only undrainable oil. Mechanics and repair stations
should consult the appropriate certification rule when
reestablishing empty weight.
14 CFR part 121. The Federal regulations governing
domestic, flag, and supplemental operations.
14 CFR part 135. The Federal regulations governing
Commuter and On-Demand Operations.
Adverse Loaded CG Check. A weight and balance
check to determine that no condition of legal loading of an
aircraft can move the CG outside of its allowable limits.
Aircraft Specifications. Documentation containing the
pertinent specifications for aircraft certificated under the
CARs.
Airplane Flight Manual (AFM). An FAA-approved
document, prepared by the holder of a Type Certificate
for an aircraft, that specifies the operating limitations and
contains the required markings and placards and other
information applicable to the regulations under which the
aircraft was certificated.
Approved Type Certificate. A certificate of approval
issued by the FAA for the design of an aircraft, engine, or
propeller.
Arm. (GAMA) The horizontal distance from the
reference datum to the center of gravity (CG) of an item.
The algebraic sign is plus (+) if measured aft of the datum
or to the right side of the center line when considering
a lateral calculation. The algebraic sign is minus (-) if
measured forward of the datum or the left side of the
center line when considering a lateral calculation.
Balanced Laterally. Balanced in such a way that the
wings tend to remain level.
Glossary–
Ballast. A weight installed or carried in an aircraft
　
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