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5-6 Thunderstorm — Towering Cumulus Stage .......................... 5-9
5-7 Thunderstorm — Mature Stage .......................................... 5-10
5-8 Thunderstorm — Dissipating Stage .................................... 5-11
5-9 Multi-Cell Thunderstorm ..................................................... 5-12
5-10 Steady-State Thunderstorm Structure ................................ 5-14
5-11 NEXRAD Thunderstorm With Turbulent Outflow ................ 5-15
5-12 Thunderstorm Vaulting ....................................................... 5-16
5-13 Oceanic Weather Cell ......................................................... 5-17
5-14 “Skinny” Oceanic Weather Cell .......................................... 5-18
5-15 “Anvil Top” Oceanic Weather Cell ....................................... 5-19
5-16 Prefontal Squall Lines ......................................................... 5-20
5-17 Prefontal Squall Lines Weather Radar Display .................. 5-21
5-18 Microburst Formation .......................................................... 5-22
5-19 Stationary and Moving Microburst Impact Patterns ............ 5-23
5-20 Weather Radar Rainfall Display ......................................... 5-24
5-21 Weather Radar Virga Display ............................................. 5-25
5-22 Windshear Example — Approach Conditions .................... 5-26
1st Edition, 1st Revision
18 Sep 03 vii
OPERATOR’S GUIDE COLLINS
List of Illustrations MultiScan™ Radar
Figure Title Page
5-23 Windshear Example — Headwind Zone ............................. 5-27
5-24 Windshear Example — Power Reduction .......................... 5-28
5-25 Windshear Example — Indicated Airspeed Transition
...................................................................................... 5-29
5-26 Windshear Event — Recovery or Loss of Flight ................. 5-30
5-27 Normal Thunderstorm Shape ............................................. 5-31
5-28 Shear Conditions within Thunderstorm Shape ................... 5-32
5-29 Steep-Gradient Thunderstorm ............................................ 5-33
5-30 Thunderstorm Showing Scalloped Edges .......................... 5-34
5-31 Thunderstorm Showing Pendants ...................................... 5-35
5-32 Thunderstorm Showing Fingers ......................................... 5-35
5-33 Thunderstorm Showing A Hook .......................................... 5-36
5-34 Thunderstorm Showing A U-Shape .................................... 5-36
5-35 Popcorn-Shaped Cumulous Cloud Buildups ...................... 5-37
5-36 Popcorn-Shaped Cumulous Cloud Turbulence .................. 5-38
6-1 Loop Gain (Signal to Noise Ratio) ........................................ 6-1
6-2 WXR-2100 Weather Radar System Block Diagram ............. 6-2
6-3 Low Audio Frequency Propagation Through Weather .......... 6-3
6-4 Medium and High Frequency (MF/HF) Propagation Through
Weather ................................................................................ 6-3
6-5 Very High Frequency (VHF) Propagation Through
Weather ................................................................................ 6-3
6-6 Radar Operating Bands ........................................................ 6-4
6-7 Calibrated Gain Color Scheme ............................................. 6-5
6-8 Radar Displays with Gain set to MIN and –12 dB ................ 6-8
6-9 Radar Displays with Gain set to –8 dB and –6 dB ................ 6-9
6-10 Radar Displays with Gain set to –4 dB and –2 dB .............. 6-10
6-11 Radar Displays with Gain set to CAL and +4 dB ............... 6-11
6-12 Radar Displays with Gain set to +8 dB and MAX ............... 6-12
6-13 Parabolic Radar Antenna Beam Patterns ........................... 6-13
6-14 Flat-Plate Radar Antenna Beam Patterns .......................... 6-13
6-15 Weather Radar Antenna Side Lobes .................................. 6-14
6-16 New Radar Antenna Showing Minimal Side Lobes ............ 6-15
6-17 Degraded Radar Antenna Showing Extensive Side
Lobes .................................................................................. 6-15
6-18 Stabilized Radar Antenna Orientation versus Aircraft
Attitude ............................................................................... 6-17
6-19 Unstabilized Radar Orientation versus Aircraft
Attitude ............................................................................... 6-18
6-20 Weather Radar Beam “Slice” and Resulting Display .......... 6-19
1st Edition, 1st Revision
viii 18 Sep 03
COLLINS OPERATOR’S GUIDE
　
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