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introduced fuel surcharges. Typically, these are in the range
E10-12 per short-haul segment and E50-55 on long-haul.
But, Henderson says, there is increasing evidence that fuel
surcharges are only really an effective strategy on long-haul
routes. While successive fuel price increases have been
mirrored in increments to the surcharges on long-haul, in
general short-haul surcharges have not been augmented for
some time. “Competitive pressures from no-frills carriers in
the short-haul sector means that the airlines are not able to
impose realistic fuel surcharges on short-haul routes, which
means they are having to absorb the increased cost
themselves,” Henderson says.
In addition to fuel surcharges and hedging, airlines are
pursuing a wide range of fuel-economy measures in their dayto-
day operations, co-ordinating best practice through
industry initiatives such as AEA’s Emissions Containment Policy.
The mixture of high fuel prices and the need to control
emissions has also given added impetus to co-operation with
airframe and engine manufacturers to intensify development
work on new generations of more fuel-efficient aircraft. And
what is good for airlines in terms of reduced fuel burn
economically is inevitably good for the environment too, so
the benefits are two-fold.
“The more the price of fuel goes up, the more important it
is to do the sums and the more expertise the airlines will have
to gather in-house for making future fleet decisions, for
example,” Henderson says. “I suspect we will see more fleet
diversification in the future, based on both fuel economy and
environmental considerations. The areas where operators can
cut costs are a vanishing resource when it comes to identifying
inefficiencies or introducing new technology. The great strides
in terms of savings have really already been made.”
This article was commissioned by AEA.
ATM: THE CHALLENGE OF GROWTH
62
CHALLENGES AT AIRPORTS
Identifying and using latent capacity at airports is not enough to succeed in the struggle
to break the capacity barrier. It is, however, a key to the success of the overall approach
to this challenge. Simon Michell looks at the progress achieved so far
he doubling of air traffic over the next 15 years presents
huge challenges to all the stakeholders involved in the air
industry. Law makers, regulators and service providers
are duty bound to put in place the necessary framework to
ensure that society in general is able to accrue the benefits of
air travel without unacceptable impacts on safety and the
environment, and that the expected 2 billion passengers, which
are due to travel each year in Europe by 2020, are able to do
so in an efficient and uninterrupted fashion.
ATM
EUROCONTROL has a package of programmes covering Air
Traffic Management (ATM) methodology and infrastructure
as well as airport efficiency. Its Performance Enhancement
Programme for European Air Traffic Management (EATM) is
being implemented to develop a seamless ATM system
across the 42 European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC)
States. This joint vision extends to the ECAC air traffic
services authorities and includes actions at both European
and national levels. It also covers European ATM
performance enhancement work for airside operations at
airports. EATM’s strategic direction is derived from the
EUROCONTROL ATM 2000+ strategy and the Single European
Sky (SES) initiative proposed by the European Commission.
Airports
EUROCONTROL is also leading the way with its stakeholders on
improving efficiency at airports. Its Airport Operations
Programme (APR), launched in 2002, provides stakeholders
with fast and reliable solutions which are cost-effective and
easy to install. The programme consists of four highly interdependent
projects; the Advanced Surface Movement
Guidance and Control System (A-SMGCS), Airport Collaborative
Decision Making (A-CDM), Airport airside Capacity
Enhancement (ACE) and Runway Safety.
A-SMGCS uses Mode S multilateration technology to provide
accurate surveillance and identification of all aircraft and
transponder-equipped vehicles on the airport surface. This is
backed up with surface movement radar which detects all
non-transponder equipped aircraft and vehicles. The system’s
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ATM: THE CHALLENGE OF GROWTH
64
key benefits are that it gives the air traffic controllers a much
clearer view of what is actually happening at the airport. This
situational awareness is maintained through periods of
restricted or reduced visibility, especially bad weather. This
　
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