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to other transport options
Comparison with long-haul flying
Many of easyJet’s passengers are using easyJet to fly
to specific destinations. A proportion of easyJet’s
passengers have a choice of holiday destination.
Where they choose to fly can have a significant
impact on their emissions. In making this choice, length
of flight is the major determinant of the total emissions
produced per passenger. easyJet’s average length of
flight in 2007 was 978 kilometres (up from 954
kilometres in 2006).
Example: the chart adjacent benchmarks a typical
easyJet passenger journey (London to Nice, 1,050
kilometres) against a range of long-haul alternatives.
A typical long-haul flight to Miami would create
approximately ten times more emissions per
passenger than an easyJet flight from London
to Nice. (source: climatecare.org).
For contrast, the average easyJet flight carries less than
four tonnes of fuel whereas a 747-400 has a maximum
range of 13,450 km and is capable of carrying 173.5
tonnes of fuel6 more than 40 times as much with less
than three times the number of seats.
Comparison with rail
According to the Association of Train Operating
Companies7, the average marginal CO2 emissions
(i.e. directly attributable marginal impact, as opposed
to full impact) of passenger rail in the UK were 61g
CO2 per passenger kilometre in 2005/6.
The important fact when considering new rail
infrastructure is the overall emission cost of building
the infrastructure (and allocating this to future journeys
as life-cycle costs), rather than just the marginal energy
use of the single train journey. The environmental cost
of rail infrastructure is unclear, but considerable.
Average Number of
time held Proportion of easyJet Proportion of
London airport (mins) aircraft held aircraft based easyJet’s fleet
Heathrow 4.4 54% – 0%
Gatwick 1.1 19% 20 15%
Stansted 0.8 16% 13 9%
Luton 0.2 4% 17 12%
Source: NATS Operational Performance Report: July 2006.
26 easyJet plc
Annual report and accounts 2007
D. Avoidance of air congestion
easyJet prefers to avoid the largest, most congested
hub airports. easyJet does not fly to London Heathrow
or to Frankfurt Main. It should be noted that easyJet’s
network is very different to that of a conventional
“hub and spoke” carrier. easyJet has no hubs but places
capacity at the airports that local demand requires.
easyJet therefore has 17 local crew and aircraft bases
in seven countries.
Example: large central hubs such as London Heathrow
and Frankfurt tend to require aircraft to fly longer
holding patterns and have longer taxi times to and
from the runway. Below are the average time each
aircraft spends in a holding pattern, the proportion
of aircraft held and the proportion of easyJet flights
at each of the four main London Airports for January
to June 2006:
Corporate and social responsibility report
continued
Cairo
New York
Delhi
Miami
Vancouver
Los
Angeles
Bangkok
Cape Town
Singapore
Honolulu
Sydney
Auckland
easyJet short-haul vs long-haul
Number of London–Nice flights
Source: easyJet based on climatecare.org data for long-haul.
3.9 7.7 9.4 10.0 10.7 12.6 13.9 14.1 16.2 17.5 28.1 31.0
6. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_400_prod.html.
7. http://www.atoc-comms.org/admin/userfiles/Baseline%20statement%20-%20FINAL%20-%20Print%20version.pdf.
27 easyJet plc
Annual report and accounts 2007
One of the problems when comparing the
environmental performance of aviation and high speed
rail concerns the timing of emissions, as a significant
proportion of the total emissions from a high speed
rail project occur during the construction of the
infrastructure. As these greenhouse gasses can be
resident in the atmosphere for decades before the
date of travel, they can already have had a greater
global warming effect than the emissions released
on the day of travel.
Some scientists have argued that construction of high
speed rail infrastructure is so energy intensive that,
unless the infrastructure is fully exploited, it dwarfs any
energy saving achieved by modal switch of passengers
from car and plane. On a route like Edinburgh/Glasgow-
London, even if all air passengers switched mode, there
would still be massive over-capacity on the high speed
rail line, pushing rail operators to generate more longdistance
travel, which could lead to an absolute increase
in CO2. According to the High Speed Line Study
　
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本文鏈接地址：EasyJet-2007-年報(16)