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1.3 Restricted Areas
1.3.1 Restricted areas contain airspace identified by an area on the surface of the earth within which the flight of aircraft, while not wholly prohibited, is subject to restrictions. Activities within these areas must be confined because of their nature or limitations imposed upon aircraft operations that are not a part of those activities or both. Restricted areas denote the existence of unusual, often invisible, hazards to aircraft such as artillery firing, aerial gunnery, or guided missiles. Penetration of restricted areas without authorization from the using or controlling agency may be extremely hazardous to the aircraft and its occupants. Restricted areas are published in the Federal Register and constitute 14 CFR Part 73.
1.3.2 ATC facilities apply the following procedures when aircraft are operating on an IFR clearance (including those cleared by ATC to maintain VFR.on.top) via a route which lies within joint.use restricted airspace.
1.3.2.1 If the restricted area is not active and has been released to the controlling agency (FAA), the ATC facility will allow the aircraft to operate in the restricted airspace without issuing specific clearance for it to do so.
1.3.2.2 If the restricted area is active and has not been released to the controlling agency (FAA), the ATC facility will issue a clearance which will ensure the aircraft avoids the restricted airspace unless it is on an approved altitude reservation mission or has obtained its own permission to operate in the airspace and so informs the controlling facility.
NOTE.
The above apply only to joint.use restricted airspace and not to prohibited and nonjoint.use airspace. For the latter categories, the ATC facility will issue a clearance so the aircraft will avoid the restricted airspace unless it is on an approved altitude reservation mission or has obtained its own permission to operate in the airspace and so informs the controlling facility.
1.3.3 Restricted airspace is depicted on the en route chart appropriate for use at the altitude or flight level being flown. For joint.use restricted areas, the name of the controlling agency is shown on these charts. For all prohibited areas and nonjoint.use restricted areas, unless otherwise requested by the using agency, the phrase “NO A/G” is shown.

Federal Aviation Administration Twentieth Edition
1.4 Warning Areas
1.4.1
A warning area is airspace of defined dimensions, extending from three nautical miles outward from the coast of the U.S., that contains activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft. The purpose of such warning areas is to warn nonparticipating pilots of the potential danger. A warning area may be located over domestic or international waters or both.

2.
Other Airspace Areas

2.1 National Security Area (NSA)
2.1.1 National Security Areas consist of airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions established at locations where there is a requirement for increased security and safety of ground facilities. Pilots are requested to voluntarily avoid flying through the depicted NSA. When it is necessary to provide a greater level of security and safety, flight in NSAs may be temporarily prohibited by regulation under the provisions of 14 CFR Section 99.7. Regulatory prohibitions will be issued by System Operations, System Operations Airspace and AIM Office, Airspace and Rules, and disseminated via NOTAM. Inquiries about NSAs should be directed to Airspace and Rules.
2.2 Temporary Flight Restrictions
2.2.1 General. This paragraph describes the types of conditions under which the FAA may impose temporary flight restrictions. It also explains which FAA elements have been delegated authority to issue a temporary flight restrictions NOTAM and lists the types of responsible agencies/offices from which the FAA will accept requests to establish temporary flight restrictions. The 14 CFR is explicit as to what operations are prohibited, restricted, or allowed in a temporary flight restrictions area. Pilots are responsi-ble to comply with 14 CFR Sections 91.137, 91.138, 91.141, and 91.143 when conducting flight in an area where a temporary flight restrictions area is in effect, and should check appropriate NOTAMs during flight planning.
2.2.2 The purpose for establishing a temporary flight restrictions area is to:
2.2.2.1 Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent hazard associated with an incident on the surface when the presence of low.flying aircraft would magnify, alter, spread, or compound that hazard (14 CFR Sec-tion 91.137(a)(1)).
2.2.2.2 Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft (14 CFR Sec-tion 91.137(a)(2)).
2.2.2.3 Prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above an incident or event which may generate a high degree of public interest (14 CFR Section 91.137(a)(3)).
2.2.2.4 Protect declared national disasters for humanitarian reasons in the State of Hawaii (14 CFR Section 91.138).
　
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