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MAN – Manual Constant Altitude (Weather Analysis) mode.  The altitude slice defaults to current altitude upon MAN selection. 
 
MANUAL ALTITUDE CONTROL
ALT – Controls weather analysis altitude from 0 to 60,000 feet MSL in increments of 1000 feet.  Selected altitude is shown on the Electronic Flight Display. 
 
GAIN CONTROL
CAL – Rotate to the CAL position for automatic gain control.  The CAL position results in a calibrated map or weather radar display.  Gain control does not affect turbulence or windshear. 
Manual – Rotating knob out of CAL varies gain between MIN and MAX.  VAR is shown on the display, indicating that the gain has been changed from the calibrated position. 
The MIN position reduces gain approximately 16 dBz below the CAL setting; 
The MAX position increases gain 10 dBz over the CAL setting. 

 

DISPLAY ANNUNCIATIONS
Actual annunciations are display dependent.  The following figures are provided as examples only.
 

 
WEATHER RADAR DISPLAY ANNUNCIATIONS - EXAMPLE. 

 
WEATHER RADAR DISPLAY - EXAMPLE
DISPLAY COLORS

 
WEATHER RADAR DISPLAY COLORS
FAULT ANNUNCIATIONS 
Display Annunciation
 Failure
 
RT 
 Transmitter/Receiver (TR-1) Unit Failure 
 
ANT 
 Antenna Drive Failure 
 
CONT 
 Control Panel Fault 
 
WEAK 
 TR Unit Fault - Below Normal Power 
 
PROC 
 Radar Processor (RP-1) Fault 
 
ATT 
 Attitude Fault 
 

Fault annunciations alert the pilot that the radar system is not performing to established standards.  Built-in test equipment (BITE) automatically and constantly tests the radar system.  If a fault occurs, the fault will be annunciated on the display.  The actual fault annunciation depends upon the display in use. 
If a system failure occurs when operating in the TEST mode, the test pattern will be replaced by the name of the unit in which the failure is located.  Failures will appear as yellow caution annunciations on the display.  Some faults will cause the displayed radar data to disappear entirely, while others overlay the radar display.  If the radar display is blank, turn off the system, or in a dual installation select the other system. 

SECTION 5:  PRINCIPLES OF WEATHER RADAR USE
WEATHER RADAR PRINCIPLES
Airborne weather avoidance radar, as its name implies, is for avoiding severe weather - not for penetrating it.  Whether to fly into an area of radar echoes depends on echo intensity, spacing between the echoes, and the capabilities of both pilot and aircraft.  Remember that weather radar detects only precipitation; it does not detect minute cloud droplets.  Therefore, the radar display provides no assurance of avoiding inclement weather in clouds and fog.  Your display may be clear between intense echoes; this clear area does not necessarily mean you can fly between the storms and maintain visual separation from them. 
Weather radar detects droplets of precipitation size.  The strength of the radar return (echo) depends on drop size, composition, and amount of water.  Water particles return almost five times as much signal as ice particles of the same size.  This means that rain is more easily detected than snow, although at times large, wet snowflakes may give a strong return. 
Hail usually has a film of water on its surface; consequently, a hailstone is often reflected as a very large water particle.  Because of this film and because hailstones usually are larger than raindrops, thunderstorms with large amounts of wet hail return stronger signals than those with rain.  Although wet hail is an excellent reflector of radar energy, some hail shafts are extremely small (100 yards or less) and make poor radar targets.  If hailstones are cold and dry, they give poor returns and might not appear on the display. 
　
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