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capabilities for both radar and ADS-B but does not specify a minimum navigation performance requirement. To use the positional data
provided by ADS-B for  separation services the received positional data must be known to have a low probability of being outside a
radius of  0.5 Nm from the real position of the aircraft. In this context the low probability means one occurrence in 107 flight hours.

 
 

 

Note : This requirement is equivalent to the GPS horizontal protection limit of 0.5 Nm.  This is equivalent to a 95 percentile of reports within 0.25 Nm (similar to radar). 
e. External interference issues
With  Mode S based ADS-B external interference is identical to radar because the same frequency is used. However a radar is able to sometimes restrict the interference to a single azimuth for example when the radar is pointing towards the interference source.  On the other hand ADS-B receivers only need a single message to break through any interference for valid data to be received, whereas radar requires coherence from interrogation to interrogation and normally from antenna scan to antenna scan. The impact of interference on the application of separation standards is probably more related to a question of system reliability : ie either radar or ADS-B could fail at any time due to interference.
 
f. Positional data source – nav system or stand alone position
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 

APPENDIX 2
 
HAZARD LOG

 

Hazards
Project ICAO SASPOperational Use of ADS-B in Non Radar Airspace
Hazard No. 1 Failure of ADS-B transponder on the aircraft
Generic Description
Failure of ADS-B transponder on the aircraft cause a loss of ADS-B message to the ground station
 
Hazard Cause/Initiating Events
Increase in controller workload due to requirement to revert back to procedural control and reassess traffic.

  Initial Risk  Residual 
Risk 
  Likelihood  Remote  Remote 
  Consequence  Cat 3  Cat 3 
  Risk  D  D 
Existing Mitigation 

Safety Requirement  Details 
ADS-B Transponder  Ensure ADS-B transponder in the aircraft Reliability Spec has reliability requirement equivalent to   existing Mode A/C transponder
ADS-B Fallback  Validated and published instructions   procedure for reverting back to procedural control 
Transition Process for  Training and lesson plans to adequately   ADS-B Failure cover the transition process and procedures   from ADS-B control to procedural control
Project ICAO SASPOperational Use of ADS-B in Non Radar Airspace
Hazard No. 2 Failure of ADS-B ground station  Generic Description Failure of ADS-B ground station
 
Hazard Cause/Initiating Events Loss of ADS-B positional data to the controller. Increase in workload due to transitioning period back to procedural  control and reassess traffic.
  Initial Risk  Residual 
Risk 
  Likelihood  Remote  Remote 
  Consequence  Cat 3  Cat 3 
  Risk  D  D 
Existing Mitigation 

Safety Requirement Details 
ADS-B Ground System Allocate an availability requirement of   Availability  0.9995 to the ADS-B ground station sub  Specification
Monitoring of ADS-B  Monitoring of health status of ADS-B ground  Ground Station  stations at a remote central position
Transition Process for  Training and lesson plans to adequately   ADS-B Failure cover the transition process and procedures    from ADS-B control to procedural control
　
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