23.11 Protective clothes
23.11.1  Precautions include preventive skin protection by using suitable skin ointment and wearing thick protective clothing, as well as waterproof gloves. Due to the possibility of atomization, protective glasses should also be worn. Soaked clothes should be changed and, after each de-icing / anti-icing activity, the face and hands should be washed with water.
23.11.2  Further details are available from the fluid manufacturers and the material data sheets for their products.
Issue II 02.07.2009  Rev. 0

DE-ICING/ANTI-ICING EQUIPMENT
24.1 De-icing/anti-icing trucks
24.1.1 Most of today’s equipment consists of trucks with a chassis on which the fluid tanks, pumps, heating and lifting components are installed. Although centrifugal pumps are installed in older equipment, more modern equipment is fitted with cavity pumps or diaphragm pumps showing very low degradation of Type II and IV fluids.
24.1.2 Most of the trucks have an open basket from which the operator de-/anti-ices the aircraft. Closed cabins are also available, offering more comfort to the operator in a severe environment.

24.2 Stationary equipment
24.2.1 Stationary de/anti-icing facilities, currently available at a limited number of airports, consist of a gantry with spraying nozzles moving over the aircraft, similar in concept to a car wash.
24.2.2 The advantage of such a system is a fast and thorough treatment of the surface of the aircraft. As these systems can be operated by computers, working errors are practically excluded and consistent quality can be ensured.
24.2.3 The disadvantage, however, is the operational bottleneck. If only one system is available and de/anti-icing is necessary, the takeoff capacity of the respective runway will be limited by the productivity of the gantry.
Issue II 02.07.2009 Rev. 0

STAFF TRAINING AND QUALIFICATION
25.1 Training for crews
25.1.1 Both initial and annual recurrent training for flight crews and ground crews shall be conducted to ensure that all such crews obtain and retain a thorough knowledge of aircraft de-icing/anti-icing policies and procedures including new procedures and lessons learned.
25.1.2 Training success shall be proved by an examination/assessment which shall cover all training subjects laid down in this manual.
25.1.3 Training subjects shall include but are not limited to the following:
a) Effects of frost, ice, snow and slush on aircraft performance b) Basic characteristics of aircraft de-icing/anti-icing fluids c) General techniques for removing deposits of frost, ice, slush and snow
from aircraft surfaces and for anti-icing
d) Types of checks required
e) De-icing/anti-icing equipment and facilities
f) Safety precautions
g) Emergency procedures
h) Fluid application and limitations of holdover time tables
　
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