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300 lbs. It has a large petrol motor
on the bottom, about the size of the
average lawnmower engine, with a
gate that is opened and closed from
the cabin, and the important thing to
remember is to positively switch off
after a run, otherwise you will drop
the seed everywhere. In other words,
just letting go of the On button
doesn’t automatically stop the flow.
The other point is that, like a
longline, it is attached to the
helicopter in two places, that is, the
hook and the electrical cable, and the
Specialised Tasks 43
latter has to be pulled out by ground
staff or you will strip the cables
when the hook is released.
If you have a lot of ground to cover,
think about placing the seed on a
truck and operating from various
points around the countryside,
which will save a lot of dead flying
time. Lastly, depending on the
machine and how far you have to fly,
it’s not uncommon to top up with
fuel after every delivery.
Fire Suppression
You may be asked to turn your hand
to many jobs, including:
·  help fight the fire itself, with
buckets, attached directly to the
helicopter or on a long line
·  move men and materials over
natural barriers, between their
camps and the fire
·  scan with FLIR (Infra red)
·  report fire dimensions back to
the fire boss
·  recover equipment afterwards
·  search for hotspots
·  do Initial Attack patrols
·  Command and Control
Generally, what job you get is
determined by the fireboss the night
before (once the fire's organisational
structure is in place) and you get
your orders in the morning when
you turn up for work.
Of course, what often happens is a
system of organised chaos, where it’s
hard to tell if anyone really knows
what’s going on and you end up
fighting a little bit all by yourself.
Otherwise, if you're not part of the
operation, you should not be within
5 nm and below 3000 feet agl of the
fire's limits. Anyone joining in
should be in touch with the bird
dog, if there is one—this is a light
plane or helicopter used for air
traffic and controlling the water
tankers, and you need to be told
when they are coming so you can get
out of the way for 15 minutes or so.
If there is no bird dog, the local fire
authority should have a UHF flight
watch frequency, and the fire itself
will have a common aeronautical
VHF frequency allocated to it.
Expect also to need a VHF FM
frequency for the ground crews,
which means you have to listen out
on three very busy frequencies.
Water bombers will be used either to
drop retardant or water, sometimes
with foam. Retardant is phosphate
fertiliser and water, with a dye so
they can see where it hit. It is not
actually used on the fire, but around
it, so it is contained in a smaller area
and allowed to burn out. Skimmers
(like the CL415) pick water up from
nearby lakes, but others get reloaded
from nearby airstrips prepared for
the purpose. There will often be
dozers trying to create a break round
the fire for the same purpose if it is
small enough. Bombers do not
usually get below 150 feet, as the
water pattern will get disrupted, so
your safest height is well below that,
amongst the smoke, so be careful.
Helicopters also make use of handy
sources of water, like swimming
pools or small rivers, typically using
the Bambi Fire Bucket. Such sources
should ideally be close, upwind and
at least the same elevation as the fire,
so you don’t have to keep climbing
44 The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook
with a load on. The Bambi can be
transported at quite a speed (up to
80 kts), as long as you don’t pitch
more than 15° either way.
These days, the minimum machine is
likely to be the AStar B2, or a
LongRanger with a good engine,
with anything lower in performance,
such as the 206, being relegated to
observation or putting out hot spots,
since the bucket size is only 90
gallons. In most cases, the killing
time is between 30-45 minutes from
the start of the fire, so, if you're on
standby for Initial Attack, your
response time should be as fast as
possible (takeoff inside 3 minutes).
For Initial Attack, you will typically
be teamed up with three or four
firefighters and their associated gear,
which will fill every available hole in
　
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本文鏈接地址：The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(29)