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forecast, and "CAVOK" or "SKC" are not appropriate, the
abbreviation "NSC" should be used.
1.2.5 Temperature
Recommendation.- When forecast temperatures are
included in accordance with regional air navigation agreement,
the maximum and minimum temperatures expected to
occur during the period of validity of the TAF should be given,
together with their corresponding times of occurrence.
1.3 Use of change groups
1.3.1 Recommendation.- The criteria used for the
inclusion of change groups in TAF or for the amendment of
TAF should be based on the following:
- moderate or heavy precipitation (including showers
thereof)
- duststorm
- sandstorm
- other weather phenomena given in Appendix 3.
4.4.2.3 only if they are expected to cause a
significant change in visibility;
d) when the onset or cessation of any of the following
weather phenomena or combinations thereof are
forecast to begin or end:
- ice crystals
-freezing fog
- low drifting dust, sand or snow
- blowing dust, sand or snow
- thunderstorm (with or without precipitation)
- squall
-funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout);
e) when the height of base of the lowest layer or mass of
cloud of BKN or OVC extent is forecast to lifi and '
change to or pass through one or more of thefollowing
values, or when the height of the lowest layer or mass
of cloud of BKN or OVC extent is forecast to lower and
pass through one or more of the following values:
a) when the sutj5ace wind is forecast to change through 2) 450 m (I 5003), in cases where significant numbers
values of operational significance the threshold values offlghts are operated in accordance with the visual
should be established by the meteorological authority in flight rules;
consultation with the appropriate ATS authority and
operators concerned, taking into account changes in the f) when the amount of a layer or mass of cloud below
wind which would: 450 m (I 500)) is forecast to change:
1) require a change in runway(s) in use; and I) fiom SKC, FEW or SCT to BKN or OVC; or
2) indicate that the runway tailwind and crosswind 2) from BKN or OVC to SKC, FEW or SCZ
components will change through values representing
the main operating limits for typical aircraft operat- g) when cumulonimbus clouds are forecast to develop or
ing at the aerodrome; dissipate;
b) when the visibility is forecast to improve and change to h) when the vertical visibiliv is forecast to improve and
or pass through one or more of thefbllowing values, or change to or pass through one or more of the following
when the visibiliv is forecast to deteriorate and pass values, or when the vertical visibility is forecast to
through one or more of the following values: deteriorate and pass through one or more of the following
vdlues: 30, 60, 150 or 300 m (100, 200, 500 or
I) 150, 350, 600, 800, 1 500 or 3 000 m; or I 000f); and
2) 5 000 m in cases where signifcant numbers offlights i) any other criteria based on local aerodrome operating
are operated in accordance with the visual flight minima, as agreed between the meteorological authority
rules; and the operators.
c) when any of the following weather phenomena or 1.3.2 Recommendation.- When a change in any of the
combinations thereof are forecast to begin or end or elements given in Chapter 6, 6.2.3 is required to be indicated
change in intensity: in accordance with the criteria given in 1.3.1, the change indicators
"BECMG" or "TEMPO" should be used followed by
- fieezing precipitation the time period during which the change is expected to occur
25/11/04 APP 5-2
Appendix 5 Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
The time period should be indicated as the beginning and end
of the period in whole hours UTC. Only those elements for
which a significant change is expected should be included following
a change indicator However, in the case of significant
changes in respect of cloud, all cloud groups, including layers
or masses not expected to change, should be indicated.
1.3.3 Recommendation.- The change indicator
"BECMG" and the associated time p u p should be used to
describe changes where the meteorological conditions are
expected to reach or pass through specified threshold values at
a regular or irregular rate and at an unspecified time during
the time period. The time period should normally not exceed
2 hours but in any case should not exceed 4 hours.
1.3.4 Recommendation.- The change indicator
"TEMPO" and the associated time group should be used to
describe expected frequent or infrequent temporary fluctuations
　
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