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Pressure-altitude. An atmospheric pressure expressed in terms of altitude which corresponds to that pressure in the Standard
Atmosphere.
Protected service volume. A part of the facility coverage where the facility provides a particular service in accordance with
relevant SARPs and within which the facility is afforded frequency protection.
Touchdown. The point where the nominal glide path intercepts the runway.
Note.— “Touchdown” as defined above is only a datum and is not necessarily the actual point at which the aircraft
will touch the runway.
Z marker beacon. A type of radio beacon, the emissions of which radiate in a vertical cone-shaped pattern.
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23/11/06 1-2
CHAPTER 2. GENERAL PROVISIONS FOR
RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS
2.1 Aids to approach, landing and departure
2.1.1 The standard non-visual aids to precision approach and landing shall be:
a) the instrument landing system (ILS) conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.1;
b) the microwave landing system (MLS) conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.11; and
c) the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) conforming to the Standards contained in Chapter 3, 3.7.
Note 1.— The term “non-visual aid to precision approach and landing” is to be applied when referring to the foregoing
systems specified in Chapter 3.
Note 2.— It is intended that, wherever an ILS has been installed conforming to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.1, no
change in, or addition to, those Standards will require the replacement of such equipment before 1 January 2010.
Note 3.— It is intended that wherever an MLS has been installed conforming to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.11, no
change in, or addition to, those Standards will require the replacement of such equipment before 31 December 2015.
Note 4. — It is intended that wherever a GNSS has been installed conforming to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.7, no
change in, or addition to, those Standards will require the replacement of such equipment before the dates indicated in 2.4.
Note 5.— The locations at which non-visual aids are required are normally established on the basis of regional air
navigation agreements.
Note 6.— Since visual reference is essential for the final stages of approach and landing, the installation of a non-visual
aid does not obviate the need for visual aids to approach and landing in conditions of low visibility.
Note 7.— Non-visual aids to approach and landing can also be used to support departure.
2.1.1.1 It shall be permissible to replace a non-visual aid with an alternative non-visual aid on the basis of regional air
navigation agreement.
2.1.1.2 Recommendation.— The agreements indicated in 2.1.1.1 should provide at least a five-year notice.
Note.— It is intended that introduction and application of non-visual aids will be in accordance with the strategy shown
at Attachment B.
2.1.1.3 When a non-visual aid is to be provided, its performance shall correspond at least to the category of precision
approach runway to be served.
Note 1.— Categories of precision approach and landing operations are classified in Annex 6, Part I, Chapter 1.
ANNEX 10 — VOLUME I 2-1 23/11/06
Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications Volume I
Note 2.— Information on operational objectives associated with ILS facility performance categories is given in
Attachment C, 2.1 and 2.14.
Note 3.— Information on operational objectives associated with MLS facility performance is given in Attachment G,
Section 11.
2.1.2 Differences in non-visual aids in any respect from the Standards of Chapter 3 shall be published in an
Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
2.1.2.1 Non-visual aids that do not conform:
a) to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.2 and 3.1.7.1 a) shall not be described by the term ILS;
b) to the Standards in Chapter 3, 3.11.3 shall not be described by the term MLS.
2.1.3 Wherever there is installed a non-visual aid that is neither an ILS nor an MLS, but which may be used in whole
or in part with aircraft equipment designed for use with the ILS or MLS, full details of parts that may be so used shall be
published in an Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP).
Note.— This provision is to establish a requirement for promulgation of relevant information rather than to authorize
such installations.
2.1.4 Recommendation.— A precision approach radar (PAR) system conforming to the Standards contained in
Chapter 3, 3.2 and equipment for two-way communication with aircraft, together with facilities for the efficient coordination
of these elements with air traffic control, should be installed and operated as a supplement to a non-visual aid wherever:
　
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