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DME/P. The distance measuring element of the MLS, where the “P” stands for precise distance measurement. The spectrum
characteristics are those of DME/N.
Function. A particular service provided by the MLS, e.g. approach azimuth guidance, back azimuth guidance or basic data, etc.
Mean course error. The mean value of the azimuth error along the runway extended centre line.
Mean glide path error. The mean value of the elevation error along the glide path of an elevation function.
Minimum glide path. The lowest angle of descent along the zero degree azimuth that is consistent with published approach
procedures and obstacle clearance criteria.
Note.— This is the lowest elevation angle which has been approved and promulgated for the instrument runway.
MLS antenna boresight. The plane passing through the antenna phase centre perpendicular to the horizontal axis contained
in the plane of the antenna array.
Note.— In the azimuth case, the boresight of the antenna and the zero degree azimuth are normally aligned.
However, the preferred designation in a technical context is “boresight” whereas the preferred designation in an
operational context is “zero degree azimuth” (see definition below).
MLS azimuth. The locus of points in any horizontal plane where the decoded guidance angle is constant.
MLS approach reference datum. A point at a specified height above the intersection of the runway centre line and the
threshold.
MLS back azimuth reference datum. A point at a specified height above the runway centre line at the runway midpoint.
MLS datum point. The point on the runway centre line closest to the phase centre of the approach elevation antenna.
MLS elevation. The locus of points in any vertical plane where the decoded guidance angle is constant.
MLS zero degree azimuth. The MLS azimuth where the decoded guidance angle is zero degrees.
Out-of-coverage indication signal. A signal radiated into areas outside the intended coverage sector where required to
specifically prevent invalid removal of an airborne warning indication in the presence of misleading guidance
information.
Path following error (PFE). That portion of the guidance signal error which could cause aircraft displacement from the
desired course and/or glide path.
Path following noise (PFN). That portion of the guidance signal error which could cause aircraft displacement from the
mean course line or mean glide path as appropriate.
Proportional guidance sector. The volume of airspace within which the angular guidance information provided by a function
is directly proportional to the angular displacement of the airborne antenna with respect to the zero angle reference.
3.11.2 General
3.11.2.1 MLS is a precision approach and landing guidance system which provides position information and various
ground to air data. The position information is provided in a wide coverage sector and is determined by an azimuth angle
measurement, an elevation angle measurement and a range (distance) measurement.
Chapter 3 Annex 10 — Aeronautical Communications
3-75 23/11/06
Note.— Unless specifically indicated as the MLS airborne equipment, the text in 3.11 refers to the MLS ground
equipment.
3.11.3 MLS configurations
3.11.3.1 Basic MLS. The basic configuration of the MLS shall be composed of the following:
a) approach azimuth equipment, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment;
b) approach elevation equipment, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment;
c) a means for the encoding and transmission of essential data words, associated monitor, remote control and indicator
equipment;
Note.— The essential data are those basic and essential auxiliary data words specified in 3.11.5.4.
d) DME/N, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment.
3.11.3.2 Recommendation.— If precise ranging information throughout the azimuth coverage sector is required, the
option of DME/P, conforming to the Standards of Chapter 3, 3.5 should be applied.
Note.— DME is the MLS ranging element and is expected to be installed as soon as possible. However, marker beacons
installed for ILS may be used temporarily with MLS while ILS service is maintained at the same runway.
3.11.3.3 Expanded MLS configurations. It shall be permissible to derive expanded configurations from the basic MLS,
by addition of one or more of the following functions or characteristic improvements:
a) back azimuth equipment, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment;
b) flare elevation equipment, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment;
c) DME/P, associated monitor, remote control and indicator equipment;
d) a means for the encoding and transmission of additional auxiliary data words, associated monitor, remote control
　
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