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DESCENTS..................................................................................................................................................129
TURNS.........................................................................................................................................................129
UNUSUAL ATTITUDES...............................................................................................................................129
RULE OF THUMB:.......................................................................................................................................130
EMERGENCIES/MALFUNCTIONS............................................................................................................130
EXERCISE 31 - NIGHT FLYING #1................................................................................131
PLANNING...................................................................................................................................................131
CIRCUITS.....................................................................................................................................................132
EMERGENCIES...........................................................................................................................................133
EXERCISE 31 - NIGHT FLYING #2................................................................................134
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................................134
PLANNING...................................................................................................................................................134
EN ROUTE...................................................................................................................................................134

EXERCISE 1 - FAMILIARIZATION
The first exercise will not normally involve any detailed training, but will consist of a flight during which your role as student will be mainly that of observer, even though you will occupy the seat from which you will subsequently fly. This flight will begin to accustom you to the sensation of flying, and to the appearance of the country from the air. However, it is the flight instructor’s prerogative to take a more positive approach to instruction at this time, and may also include some part of Exercise 3: “Effects of Controls”.
In preparation for this flight your instructor will first accustom you to the cockpit layout, including the flight and engine instruments (Fig 1-1 and 1-2). The arrangement shown is the most common but you may well find that the helicopter you are flying is slightly different.
 

 
Figure 1-1: Flight Instruments
 
 
FLIGHT INSTRUMENTS
1. AIRSPEED INDICATOR. This instrument indicates the speed of the helicopter through the air in which it is flying; it relates only indirectly to the speed of the helicopter over the ground. It may indicate speed in miles per hour or knots.
2. ALTIMETER. This is a pressure sensitive instrument that, if properly set, indicates the altitude at which the helicopter is flying. The customary procedure is to set the instrument so that it indicates height above sea level (ASL). When used this way the indication on the altimeter will be that of the elevation of the airport when the helicopter is on the ground.
3. TURN AND BANK INDICATOR. The needle portion of this instrument indicates whether the helicopter is turning, together with the direction and rate of turn. The ball portion of the instrument is fundamentally a reference for coordination of controls. In co-ordinated flight the ball will be centred in its curved glass tube. Instead of a turn and bank indicator the helicopter may be equipped with a turn coordinator, which provides basically the same information with a different display.
　
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