Figure 2-1: Main components of a helicopter
You may consider the sequence of events leading up to the takeoff as falling into three phases:
1. Flight planning,
2. Checking of aircraft documents,
3. Inspection of the aircraft, and the completion of necessary checks and procedures.
FLIGHT PLANNING
During your initial stages of training, your instructor will include the flight planning stage in your pre-flight briefings, but as the course progresses you will participate more fully in this aspect of preparation for flight. This will include the checking of weather reports and forecasts to extract information appropriate to the intended flight and the destination. Selecting the route, the checking of NOTAMs, preparing a flight log, and the filing of a Transport Canada Flight Plan or Flight Itinerary are also components of flight planning.
AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTS
Your instructor will show you all the documents, which must be on board the helicopter on every flight. It is the responsibility of the pilot-in-command to ensure that all documentation required for an aircraft and its crew is on board and/or current and valid for the proposed flight.
1. Flight crew licences must be on board the aircraft during any flight time.
2. Radiotelephone Operator’s Restricted Certificate (Aeronautical) has to be carried by the pilot-in-command for use of radio transmitting equipment installed in the aircraft.
3. Certificate of Registration. Check that the nationality and registration marks are the same as the aircraft, and the name and address of the owner are properly inscribed.
4. Certificate of Airworthiness. Check that the nationality and registration marks are the same as the aircraft, and it is in force. Airworthiness is determined by checking that required maintenance has been completed.
5. Aircraft Journey Log Book. Check that it is the correct one and that the appropriate airworthiness entries and certifications have been made. Your instructor will explain under what circumstances this can be left at base.
6. Aircraft flight manual.
Logbook entries are the responsibility of the pilot-in-command who ensures they have been entered in the correct manner to record the events of the flight. Each period between a takeoff and a landing is generally considered a flight requiring a separate log entry.
Your instructor will explain exceptions to this rule, the significance of each document, and how to check each for validity.
Before any flight, the pilot-in-command of an aircraft must ensure that:
1. The aircraft documents required by the Canadian Aviation Regulations to be on board the helicopter are valid and/or properly certified.
2. The helicopter’s weight and C of G are within allowable limits with the proposed fuel, occupants, and baggage.
WEIGHT AND BALANCE
The maximum weight limitations are set by the structural capabilities of the helicopter, an allowance being made for the extra forces encountered in turbulence and extremes in control movements.
The centre of gravity is defined as a location where all of the aircraft’s weight is considered to be concentrated. Improper balance of a helicopter’s load can result in serious control problems. The centre of gravity has quite a limited range of movement. The range of movement of the cyclic control system sets this limit (Fig 2-2).
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