3. FUEL FACTOR FOR FLIGHT PLANNING SYSTEMS 113
3.1. EFFECT OF THE FUEL FACTOR ON FLIGHT PLANNING 114
3.2. KEYS FOR DEFINING THE FUEL FACTOR 114
3.3. COMPARING FMS FUEL PREDICTIONS AND COMPUTERIZED FLIGHT PLANNING 116

4. AIRBUS TOOLS AND FUEL FACTOR 117
4.1. THE IFP PROGRAM 118
4.1.1. THE IFP CALCULATION MODES 118
4.1.2. SIMULATION OF THE FMS PREDICTIONS 119
4.1.3. DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 120

4.2. THE FLIP PROGRAM 121
4.2.1. THE FLIP MISSIONS 121
4.2.2. SIMULATION OF FMS PREDICTIONS 123
4.2.3. DETERMINATION OF THE ACTUAL AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE 123
G. Policy for updating the Fuel Factor 125

1. INTRODUCTION 125
2. STARTING OPERATIONS WITH A NEW AIRCRAFT 125

3. A PERF FACTOR FOR EACH AIRCRAFT?
126

4. CHANGING THE FUEL FACTOR 126
4.1. INTRODUCTION 126
4.2. SOME PRECAUTIONS 127
4.2.1. MONITORED FUEL FACTOR TREND LINE 127
4.2.2. UPDATE FREQUENCY 128
4.2.3. TWO EXAMPLES OF TRIGGER CONDITION FOR UPDATING THE FUEL FACTORS 128
Flight Operations & Line Assistance Getting to Grips with Aircraft Performance Monitoring
TABLE OF CONTENTS

5. WHO CHANGES THE FUEL FACTOR(S)?
131
H. Appendices 132
1. APPENDIX 1 : HIGH SPEED PERFORMANCE SOFTWARE 135

1.1. P.E.P FOR WINDOWS 135
1.1.1. WHAT IS P.E.P. ? 135
1.1.2. PERFORMANCE COMPUTATION PROGRAMS 137

1.1.3. THE IFP PROGRAM 139
1.1.4. THE APM PROGRAM 139
1.1.5. THE FLIP PROGRAM 140
1.2. SCAP PROGRAMS AND UNIX VERSIONS 141

2. APPENDIX 2 - FUEL-USED METHOD 143
2.1. GENERAL PRINCIPLE 143
2.2. MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES AND PRECAUTIONS 147
2.2.1. PRIOR TO TAKE-OFF 147

2.2.2. IN FLIGHT 151
2.3. DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE 152
2.3.1. NOTES 153
2.3.2. EXAMPLE 153

3. APPENDIX 3 - TRIP FUEL BURN-OFF METHOD 156
APPENDIX 4 -AIRBUS SERVICE INFORMATION LETTER 21-091 160

5. APPENDIX 5 - AMM EXTRACTS - CRUISE PERFORMANCE REPORT <02> DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE 167
6. APPENDIX 6 - AUDITING AIRCRAFT CRUISE PERFORMANCE IN AIRLINE REVENUE SERVICE 168
I. Glossary 171
J. Bibliography 177
Flight Operations & Line Assistance Getting to Grips with Aircraft Performance Monitoring

INTRODUCTION

A. INTRODUCTION

For years, the business environment has become more and more challenging. Yields are dropping while competition is increasing. Business traffic is volatile, aircraft operations are becoming more and more expensive and spare parts are changing faster and faster. Airlines are faced with new objectives to adapt to this environment.
Fuel burn contributes up to ten percent to direct operating costs. Engine maintenance is up to another quarter. The operator's main concern is therefore to have a high quality information about the condition and the performance of the aircraft whenever needed.
　
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