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As an alternative to free maneuvering, aircraft can request to follow a free-maneuvering aircraft around weather cells using self-spacing procedures (described later in sub-section 4.3.11). Due to the rapid changes inherent in convective weather systems, probably no more than one aircraft would be permitted to perform self-spacing from a lead aircraft. Both flight crews would have access to the same weather information, and the lead aircraft would broadcast trajectory intent information to the following aircraft and all others within range via datalink.
4.3.9.3 Potential Benefits
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Increased user flexibility/efficiency in avoiding weather cells, due to FD autonomy

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Reduced ATSP workload, due to delegation of weather avoidance and traffic separation responsibility to the flight crew and reduced voice communications resulting from elimination of vectoring instructions for free maneuvering aircraft.

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Increased terminal area throughput, due to more efficient arrival trajectories for appropriately equipped aircraft.

4.3.10 Terminal Arrival: Trajectory Negotiation for Weather Avoidance
4.3.10.1 Problem
Same as 4.3.9.1, but repeated below for completeness.
Inefficient terminal area re-routing to accommodate the dynamic airspace constraint of bad weather cells.
In current-day fair-weather operations, arriving and departing aircraft in the terminal area are directed along static routes. When bad weather cells block these static routes, the ATSP provides vectoring services to each aircraft to assist in avoiding flight through weather cells. The uncertainty of cell size and position, the dynamic nature of the cells, and the priority of safety often result in users flying inefficient routes to the runway threshold. Even for low-density arrival traffic, these factors and the need to provide multiple vectoring instructions to all aircraft can significantly increase controller workload.
4.3.10.2 Solution (ATSP focus)
User and ATSP collaboratively plan a user-preferred trajectory around bad weather cells.
Timely and accurate weather information will be available via datalink to both the user (FD and/or AOC) and ATSP. The user transmits weather avoidance trajectory preferences to the ATSP. Using an appropriate DST, the ATSP computes a nominal conflict-free weather avoidance arrival trajectory that accommodate user preferences; this trajectory is then uplinked to the FD for execution. ATSP monitors the execution of the nominal trajectory for conflicts and transmits trajectory deviations as necessary for conflict avoidance. It is emphasized that the ATSP retains full responsibility for separation assurance.
4.3.10.3 Potential Benefits
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Increased user efficiency in avoiding weather cells, due to accommodation of user preferences in ATSP planning for trajectory deviations.

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Reduced ATSP workload, due to reduced voice communications resulting from elimination of vectoring instructions for free maneuvering aircraft.
　
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