(c)
Compliance with thelightningprotection criteriaprescribedinparagraphs(a) and (b)of this section must be shown for exposure to a severe lightning environment. The applicant must design for and verify that aircraft electrical/electronic systems areprotected againstthe e.ects oflightning by :

(1)
Determining the lightning strike zones for the airplane;

(2)
Establishing the external lightning environment for the zones;

(3)
Establishing the internal environment;

(4)
Identifying all the electrical and electronic systems that are subject to the requirements of this section, and their locations on or within the airplane;

(5)
Establishingthe susceptibilityofthe systems to theinternal and externallight-ning environment;

(6)
Designing protection; and

(7)
Verifying that the protection is adequate.]

Amdt. 25-80, E.. 5/31/94
′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart F : Equipment
49.2 Instruments : Installation
FAR 25.1321 : Arrangement and visibility.
(a)
Each .ight, navigation, and powerplant instrument for use by any pilot must be plainly visible to him from his station with the minimum practicable deviation from his normal position and line of vision when he is looking forward along the .ight path.

(b)
The .ightinstrumentsrequiredby Sec.25.1303 mustbegrouped ontheinstrument panel and centered as nearly as practicable about the vertical plane of the pilot’s forward vision. In addition–

(1)
The instrument that most e.ectively indicates attitude must be on the panel in the top center position;

(2)
The instrument that most e.ectively indicates airspeed must be adjacent to and directly to the left of the instrument in the top center position;

(3)
The instrument that most e.ectively indicates altitude must be adjacent to and directly to the right of the instrument in the top center position.

(4)
The instrument that most e.ectively indicates direction of .ight must be ad-jacent to and directlybelow the instrument in the top center position.

(c)
Requiredpowerplantinstruments mustbe closelygrouped ontheinstrumentpanel. In addition–

(1)
Thelocation ofidenticalpowerplantinstrumentsforthe engines mustprevent confusion as to which engine each instrument relates; and

(2)
Powerplant instruments vital to the safe operation of the airplane must be plainly visible to the appropriate crewmembers.

(d)
Instrument panel vibration may not damage or impair the accuracy of any instru-ment.

(e)
[If a visual indicator is provided to indicate malfunction of an instrument, it must be e.ective under all probable cockpit lighting conditions.]

Amdt. 25-41, E.. 9/1/77
FAR25.1322:[Warning,caution, andadvisorylights.]
[Ifwarning, caution, or advisory lights are installed in the cockpit, they must, unless otherwise approved by the Administrator, be–
(a)
Red, for warning lights (lights indicating a hazard which may require immediate corrective action);

(b)
Amber,forcautionlights(lightsindicatingthepossibleneedforfuture corrective action);

(c)
Greenfor safe operationlights; and

(d)
Any other color,including white,forlights notdescribedinparagraphs(a) through (c)of this section,provided the colordi.ers su.ciently fromthe colorsprescribed inparagraphs(a) through(c) of this sectionto avoidpossible confusion.]

Amdt. 25-38, E.. 2/1/77
FAR 25.1323 : Airspeed indicating system.
For each airspeed indicating system, the following apply :
(a)
Each airspeed indicating instrument must be approved and must be calibrated to indicatetrue airspeed(at sealevel with a standard atmosphere) with a minimum practicable instrument calibration error when the corresponding pitot and static pressures are applied.
　
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本文鏈接地址：FAA規(guī)章 美國聯(lián)邦航空規(guī)章 Federal Aviation Regulations 4(18)