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vertical positions, to make sure you
don't lose situational awareness,
which is another way of saying don't
hit anything! Once you are clear of
obstacles, you can start thinking of
turning, and can put your head back
inside the office and proceed as for a
normal load (that's the time to spit
out all the bugs that have splattered
all over your teeth). It’s also
important to ensure that you don’t
overpitch, and that you remain in
balance as much as possible. Don't
forget, reduce power when you have
the speed and height that you want.
Now you've got to get it back on the
ground!
Well before the landing site, start
slowing down. The mountain
technique of using the collective to
do this works well, and this is also
worth some practice. A slight crab
will not only help to keep the target
in sight, but the drag from the more
sideways presentation of the fuselage
will also reduce the speed. Your scan
at this point will be off the scale,
especially if you are dropping off to
a point higher than the ground (that
is, on a platform) and you don’t have
the shadow to give you an idea of
where the bottom of the load is.
Do not overshoot, as the load will
have its own inertia and will
continue forward of its own volition
(this is what's meant by flying the
load). Backing up to reposition is
always a problem, even with power
in hand, as it's easy to set the load
swinging, and it's better to go around
and try again - there should always
be movement, even if it's vertical.
You should at this point be coming
in nicely on a long approach, aiming
for a point just above the elevation
of the ground plus the length of the
line. Keep moving forward and
down. With power in hand, you
could probably afford to come to a
complete stop, but still aim for a nohover
deposit of the load. Without
much power, you have to aim for
the target directly and place it in one
movement, with a final check at the
last minute, which is something that
only comes with practice.
I have also found it useful, for
positioning, to extend my view
forwards and sideways to prominent
points and line myself up with them,
which is useful when I can't see the
landing point.
In mountains, you have to learn to
ignore the slope, and be aware that
your downwash may well bounce off
it and push the load away from
where it should be, that is,
underneath you, which is why you
might sometimes use very long lines,
when the slope is very steep and you
still find your skids in the trees.
After a job, when landing, curl the
line up on itself, then pull back when
quite close to the ground, ensuring it
is away from your skids.
EM Bird
This is a large gadget used to detect
terrestrial magnetism (anomalies may
indicate the presence of minerals). It
costs around $1.2 m and needs to be
flown very accurately at specific
194 Operational Flying
heights and speeds, for which you
need at least a radalt and GPS,
although some setups use a laser
altimeter, which is accurate to the
foot. It is generally well behaved, but
can be tricky at slow speeds, and the
data gets fuzzy above 80 kts. It is at
the end of a 100-foot line, and needs
to be 100 above the ground anyway,
so you will be at 200 feet, unless
you’re over water or ice, down to 30.
There will be a 10-14 foot height
window to operate in.
There is a PDU (Pilot Display Unit)
on the top of the instrument panel
that gives you information on the
line you're flying or intercepting,
with horizontal track bars indicating
your distance from the centreline in
metres. Although done in VFR, it’s
the sort of job where a little IFR
training comes in handy, as it allows
you to keep your head in the cockpit
a little more and cope with doing
several things at once, such as
thinking several hundred metres
ahead, planning approaches to hills,
power lines and other obstacles. This
will include power and speed
requirements, and fuel.
The operation is dependent on may
things which are critical, such as
maintenance, weather, solar activity,
magnetic storms, etc., so bring a
book. Or three.
Aerial Application
Aerial application (of pesticides or
fertilizers) means either cropspraying
or top dressing, the latter
being used in forestry (although you
can spray cut blocks with booms
on). Top Dressing is more akin to
　
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