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that are more likely to drift. There
are some crops, however, that
require good coverage and small
droplets, which is the opposite. This
is where you need to be a bit of a
chemist as well as a pilot to satisfy
the customer.
Vapour drift is a similar effect arising
from evaporation.
Accurate records are essential, not
only as aids to the business but also
for later complaints of drifting. It's
helpful to note such items as nozzle
size and spacing, wind velocity and
weather conditions, rate of
application and time on task,
together with a diagram (which you
should have made anyway, for
planning purposes—many pilots use
an aerial photograph and keep a log
of the tracks flown with a marker).
Special Use Of Aircraft 199
Seeding
When a pipeline, or similar, has been
laid, the countryside has to made to
look attractive again as soon as
possible. A large hopper full of grass
seed is used to do this, and you will
get to do a series of runs over the
pipeline to spread it.
The hopper is basically a large
fibreglass bucket that weighs about
300 lbs. It has a large petrol motor
on the bottom, about the size of the
average lawnmower engine, with a
gate that is opened and closed from
the cabin, and the important thing to
remember is to positively switch off
after a run, otherwise you will drop
the seed everywhere. In other words,
just letting go of the On button
doesn’t automatically stop the flow.
The other point is that, like a
longline, it is attached to the
helicopter in two places, that is, the
hook and the electrical cable, and the
latter has to be pulled out by ground
staff or you will strip the cables
when the hook is released.
If you have a lot of ground to cover,
think about placing the seed on a
truck and operating from various
points around the countryside,
which will save a lot of dead flying
time. Lastly, depending on the
machine and how far you have to fly,
it’s not uncommon to top up with
fuel after every delivery.
Fire Suppression
You may be asked to turn your hand
to many jobs, including:
·  help fight the fire itself, with
buckets, attached directly to the
helicopter or on a long line
·  move men and materials over
natural barriers, between their
camps and the fire
·  scan with FLIR (Infra red)
·  report fire dimensions back to
the fire boss
·  recover equipment afterwards
·  search for hotspots
·  do Initial Attack patrols
·  Command and Control
Generally, what job you get is
determined by the fireboss the night
before (once the fire's organisational
structure is in place) and you get
your orders in the morning when
you turn up for work.
Of course, what often happens is a
system of organised chaos, where it’s
hard to tell if anyone really knows
what’s going on and you end up
fighting a little bit all by yourself.
Otherwise, if you're not part of the
operation, you should not be within
5 nm and below 3000 feet agl of the
fire's limits. Anyone joining in
should be in touch with the bird
dog, if there is one—this is a light
plane or helicopter used for air
traffic and controlling the water
tankers, and you need to be told
200 Operational Flying
when they are coming so you can get
out of the way for 15 minutes or so.
If there is no bird dog, the local fire
authority should have a UHF flight
watch frequency, and the fire itself
will have a common aeronautical
VHF frequency allocated to it.
Expect also to need a VHF FM
frequency for the ground crews,
which means you have to listen out
on three very busy
frequencies.
Water bombers
will be used either
to drop retardant
or water,
sometimes with
foam. Retardant is
phosphate
fertiliser and
water, with a dye
so they can see
where it hit. It is
not actually used
on the fire, but
around it, so it is
contained in a
smaller area and
allowed to burn
out. Skimmers
(like the CL415)
pick water up from nearby lakes, but
others get reloaded from nearby
airstrips prepared for the purpose.
There will often be dozers trying to
create a break round the fire for the
same purpose if it is small enough.
Bombers do not usually get below
150 feet, as the water pattern will get
　
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