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Winds and Temperature Aloft Forecast (FD) ........12-14
Weather Charts ...........................................................12-15
Surface Analysis Chart ...........................................12-15
Weather Depiction Chart ........................................12-16
Radar Summary Chart ............................................12-17
Significant Weather Prognostic Charts ..................12-18
ATC Radar Weather Displays ..................................12-19
Weather Avoidance Assistance ..............................12-21
Electronic Flight Displays (EFD) /Multi-Function
Display (MFD) Weather ...........................................12-21
Weather Products Age and Expiration ...................12-22
The Next Generation Weather Radar System (NEXRAD) .............................................................12-22
Level II Data Products ........................................12-22
Level III Data Products .......................................12-22
NEXRAD Abnormalities ....................................12-23
NEXRAD Limitations ........................................12-23
AIRMET/SIGMET Display ...................................12-24
Graphical METARs ................................................12-24
Chapter Summary ......................................................12-26
xiii
Chapter 13
Airport Operations .............................................13-1
Introduction ..................................................................13-1
Types of Airports .........................................................13-1
Towered Airport .......................................................13-2
Nontowered Airport .................................................13-2
Sources for Airport Data ..............................................13-2
Aeronautical Charts ..................................................13-3
Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) ............................13-3
Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) ................................13-3
Airport Markings and Signs .........................................13-4
Runway Markings ....................................................13-4
Taxiway Markings ....................................................13-5
Other Markings ........................................................13-5
Airport Signs ............................................................13-6
Airport Lighting ...........................................................13-6
Airport Beacon .........................................................13-6
Approach Light Systems ..........................................13-7
Visual Glideslope Indicators ....................................13-7
Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI) .............13-7
Other Glidepath Systems ......................................13-7
Runway Lighting ......................................................13-8
Runway End Identifier Lights (REIL) ..................13-8
Runway Edge Lights .............................................13-8
In-Runway Lighting ..............................................13-9
Control of Airport Lighting ......................................13-9
Taxiway Lights .........................................................13-9
Obstruction Lights ....................................................13-9
Wind Direction Indicators ..........................................13-10
Traffic Patterns ..........................................................13-10
Key to Traffic Pattern
Operations—Single Runway ..................................13-11
Key to Traffic Pattern
Operations—Parallel Runways ..............................13-11
Radio Communications ..............................................13-11
Radio License .........................................................13-11
Radio Equipment ....................................................13-12
Lost Communication Procedures ...........................13-12
Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services ...........................13-13
Primary Radar ........................................................13-13
ATC Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS) ................13-14
Transponder ............................................................13-14
Radar Traffic Advisories ........................................13-14
Wake Turbulence .......................................................13-15
Vortex Generation ..................................................13-16
Vortex Strength ......................................................13-16
Vortex Behavior .....................................................13-16
Vortex Avoidance Procedures ................................13-17
Collision Avoidance ...................................................13-17
　
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