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us to determine the stick-fixed and stick-free neutral points by actual flight tests.
The flight test procedure is as follows.                  .
       The test aircraft is taken to the desired altitude and flown in level flight at various
speeds within the permissible speed range (Vmm < V < Vmax, see Chapter 2 for
more information). At each selected speed, the pilot deflects the elevator for pitch
trim and rolls the trim tab for stick-force trim (zero stick force). This experiment
is repeated for various locations of the center of gravity, which is usually accom-
plished by carefully moving a ballast weight in alimited range, Test data are then
plotted and extrapolated to obtain the locations of stick-fixed'and stick-free neutral
points as shown in Fig. 3.54.
3.3.79   Stick Force in Steady Level Flight
   The elevator is connected to the pilot's control stick through some kind of a
linkage as shown schematically in Fig. 3.55. The force applied by the pilot on
the stick (control column) to'~eflect the elevator is known as stick force. The
magnitude of the stick force depends on the floating characteristics of the elevator,
hence on the hinge-momcnt coefficients. The pilot needs to deflect the elevator by
the amount 8e.R - 8e. f , wluch is related to the level of stick~free stability. In th~
following, we will derive the expressions for stick force and stick forcc'~radient
in level flight and show that these two quantities depend directly on the level of
stick-free stability.
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STATIC STABILITY AND CONTROL
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