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            (3,215)
                                                d~ = - 01,  &~ )..
In incremental form, we can write the above equation as
            (3.216)
                               A8e = _ACC., G~: ),.
The corresponding increment in hinge-moment coefficient is given by
                                              ACh = Ch8.e A8e                                                     (3.217)
         Ch8.,
            =-  AC G~),.    .  (3.218)
The incremental stick force, i.e., the additional stick force above that required in
254             PERFORMANCE, STABILITY, DYNAMICS, AND CONTROL
level fiight, is given by        .
AFs - -Gi AHM
(3.219)
                                                                  =  -G i qr Scce ACh                                                                   (3.220)
            (3.221)
                                           - Glqrlt Sece ACL CC.,  ~~ ), ..
where Gi is the gearing ratio between the stick and the elevator. Using ACL =
AnCL, we obtain the stick-force per g as follows:
d/. = G, ( g) ,I,Se:  CC.,  G~i  ),.                   c3.222)
Usually, Ch8, < 0 and Cm8 < O. For a stable airplane, (dCmldCL)m, < 0. Then,
dFs/dn  < 0, i.e., to pull a load factor above unity, for a stable airplane, the pilot
has to apply additional negative stick force (pull) as given by Eq. (3.222)-
3-4-2  Trjrrning Flightin HorizontaIPlane
      Consider a level coordinated tuming mancuver in a horizontal plane as shown
in Fig. 3.64. Let O be the center of the turn and 02 be the angular velocity about
a vertical axis passing through O. The angular velocity vector S2 can be resolved
along the body y and z axes as
                                                               cZy = c2 siri~                                             (3.223)
                                                             g2z = -s-2 cos 4                                           (3.224)
　
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