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An evaluation study at the two Milan airports Linate and
Malpensa revealed the strength and suitability of this
approach, notably:

the simplification of data preparation for analyses involving
the entire airport, using a common flight schedule;

the significant reduction of time and effort spent on airport
analysis; and

the provision of an effective tool for the identification of
bottlenecks.
Optimised airport modelling5
An integrative approach towards
airport management
Airport modelling has previously
concentrated on specific subsystems of
the airport complex, such as the land side
(terminals), the air side (runways and taxiways)
and the access/egress system (roads, parking,
etc.). However, users must manually
co-ordinate inputs and outputs for
the various models in order to account for
the interaction between the airport
subsystems. Similar co-ordination is required
for users to mix strategic models (usually
involving a low level of modelling detail)
with tactical models (requiring a high level
of detail in data and system definition). New
research has overcome these limitations
© Eureka Slide,Wang-Mo
© EKA
Adapting flight crews
to new challenges
In the last decade the aviation community
has put considerable emphasis on nontechnical
skills as one of the potential sources
of progress on safety.The emergence of
Crew Resource Management courses is
among the most visible examples of this
growing interest.
Four major national aviation authorities, led
by the European Joint Aviation Authorities
(JAA), research centres, industry and
the Commission have joined forces
to elaborate suitable methods to evaluate
non-technical or social skills, and
subsequently achieve preliminary validation.
In 1998 the "Non Technical Skills"
(NOTECHS) method emerged, driven by
the desire to minimise cultural and corporate
differences, and to maximise practicality
and effectiveness for airline instructors.
Bridging the gap from the definition of
the NOTECHS method to implementation
and benchmarking has been the main
task of a recent study on pilot training.
Starting with a review of the existing
methodology and its applicability, the
experimental evaluation found
NOTECHS to be a robust and sensitive
assessment tool, and confirmed its
usability alongside the mandatory
regulations regarding the training of
flight crews.The four main elements of
the novel method are co-operative skills
(e.g. team spirit and conflict solving),
leadership and managerial skills
(e.g. assertiveness and co-ordination),
situational awareness (cognitive skills),
and decision-making abilities
(e.g. diagnosis, option analysis and risk
assessment).
Improving ‘non-technical skills’ 6
© Eureka Slide, Balaes
SINGLE EUROPEAN SKY
6 7
AREAS OF RESEARCH
he main aims of air transport
research have been to provide
more efficient airspace control
and management, to reduce
environmental impacts, and to preserve
and improve safety standards in line with
international regulations.This has included
efforts to establish a trans-European ATM
network, and has been achieved through:
• specification of ATM concepts and
development of common architectures;
• in-field trials of novel components at
various European airports, research facilities
and simulators; and
• contributions to the international
harmonisation of certification and
operational procedures.
The research has supported policy in five
main areas:
The ATM system for Europe
Developing a single harmonised
architecture for airspace control and
management.
Validation of advanced ATM
technologies and concepts
Developing a common validation
environment for the assessment of
candidate ATM technologies, components
and sub-systems prior to live trials.
Improved safety in aircraft
operations
Identifying gaps in current airworthiness
requirements, promoting the safety
of aircraft users and the targeted training
of aircrew.
Enhanced efficiency at airports
Introducing advanced airside guidance
and control systems for surface movements,
and new approaches towards integrated
airside and landside operations at airports.
Changing working environments
Investigating the impacts of novel
technologies on air traffic control personnel
and cockpit crews, and identifying
appropriate transition training schemes.
　
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