(v)  
Government grants are recognised in the balance sheet initially when there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to them. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognised as revenue in profit or loss on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses are incurred. Grants that compensate the Group for the cost of an asset are deducted in arriving at the carrying amount of the asset and consequently are recognised in profit or loss over the useful life of the asset.

(vi)  
Interest income is recognised as it accrues using the effective interest method.

Notes to the Financial Statements
(Prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards) (Expressed in Renminbi)

68 ANNUAL REPORT 2008

Traffic commissions are expensed in profit or loss when the transportation is provided and the related revenue is recognised. Traffic commissions for transportation not yet provided are recorded on the balance sheet as a prepaid expense.
(x) Maintenance and overhaul costs Routine maintenance, repairs and overhauls are charged to profit or loss as and when incurred.
In respect of owned and finance leased aircraft, components within the aircraft subject to replacement during major overhauls are depreciated over the average expected life between major overhauls. When each major overhaul is performed, its cost is recognised in the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment and is depreciated over the estimated period between major overhauls. Any remaining carrying amount of cost of previous major overhaul is derecognised and charged to the income statement.
In respect of aircraft held under operating leases, the Group has responsibility to fulfil certain return conditions under relevant lease agreements. In order to fulfil these return conditions, major overhauls are required to be conducted on a regular basis. Accordingly, estimated costs of major overhauls are accrued and charged to profit or loss over the estimated period between overhauls. After the aircraft has completed its last overhaul cycle prior to being returned, expected cost of overhaul to be incurred at the end of the lease is estimated and accrued over the remaining period of the lease. Differences between the estimated costs and the actual costs of overhauls are charged to profit or loss in the period when the overhaul is performed.
(y) Borrowing costs
Borrowing costs are expensed in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred, except to the extent that they are capitalised as being directly attributable to the acquisition or construction of an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use.
The capitalisation of borrowing costs as part of the cost of a qualifying asset commences when expenditure for the asset is being incurred, borrowing costs are being incurred and activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use are in progress. Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended or ceases when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use are interrupted or complete
(z) Short term employee benefits and contributions to defined contribution retirement schemes
Salaries, annual bonuses and contributions to defined contribution retirement schemes are accrued in the year in which the associated services are rendered by employees. Where payment or settlement is deferred and the effect would be material, these amounts are stated at their present values.
(aa) Termination benefits
Termination benefits are recognised when, and only when, the Group demonstrably commits itself to terminate employment or to provide benefits as a result of voluntary redundancy by having a detailed formal plan which is without realistic possibility of withdrawal.
　
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