(d)
For airplaneswithtiptanks orlargeoverhung masses(such asturbo-propelleror jet engines)supported by the wing, the tip tanks and the structure supporting the tanks or overhung masses must be designed for the e.ects of dynamic responses underthelevellanding conditions of eitherparagraph(a)(1) or(a)(2)(ii) ofthis section. In evaluating the e.ects of dynamic response, an airplane lift equal to the weight of the airplane may be assumed.
Amdt. 23-45, E.. 09/07/93
FAR 23.481 : Tail down landing conditions.
(a)
For a tail down landing, the airplane is assumed to be in the following attitudes :
(1)
For airplanes with tail wheels, an attitude in which the main and tail wheels contact the ground simultaneously.
(2)
For airplanes with nose wheels, a stalling attitude, or the maximum angle allowing ground clearance by each part of the airplane, whichever is less.
(b)
For airplanes with either tail or nose wheels, ground reactions are assumed to be vertical,with thewheelsup tospeedbeforethe maximumverticalloadisattained.
FAR 23.483 : One-wheel landing conditions.
Forthe one-wheellandingcondition, the airplaneis assumedtobein thelevel attitude and to contact the ground on one side of the main landing gear. In this attitude, the ground reactions must be the same as those obtained on that side under Sec. 23.479.
FAR 23.485 : Side load conditions.
(a)
For the side load condition, the airplane is assumed to be in a level attitude with only the main wheels contacting theground and with the shock absorbers and tires in their static positions.
(b)
Thelimit verticalloadfactor mustbe1.33, with the verticalground reactiondivided equally between the main wheels.
(c)
The limit side inertia factor must be 0.83, with the side ground reaction divided between the main wheels so that–
(1)
0.5(W)is acting inboard on one side; and
(2)
0.33(W)is acting outboard on the other side.
(d)
[The sideloadsprescribedinparagraph(c)of this section are assumed to be applied at the ground contact point and the drag loads may be assumed to be zero.]
Amdt. 23-45, E.. 09/07/93
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Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart C : Structure
FAR 23.493 : Braked roll conditions.
Under braked roll conditions, with the shock absorbers and tires in their static posi-tions, the following apply :
(a)
The limit vertical load factor must be 1.33.
(b)
The attitudes and ground contacts must be those described in Sec. 23.479 for level landings.
(c)
A drag reaction equal to the vertical reaction at the wheel multiplied by a coe.cient of friction of 0.8 must be applied at the ground contact point of each wheel with brakes, except that the drag reaction need not exceed the maximum value based on limiting brake torque.
FAR 23.497 : Supplementary conditions for tail wheels.
In determining thegroundloads on the tail wheel and a.ected supporting structures, the following apply :
(a)
For the obstructionload, the limitgroundreaction obtainedin the taildownlanding conditionisassumed toactup and aftthrough the axleat45'. The shock absorber and tire may be assumed to be in their static positions.
(b)
Forthesideload,alimit verticalground reactionequal tothe staticload onthetail wheel, in combination with a side component of equal magnitude, is assumed. In addition–
(1)
If a swivel is used, the tail wheel is assumed to be swiveled 90'to the airplane longitudinal axis withthe resultantgroundloadpassing through the axle;
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本文鏈接地址：FAA規(guī)章 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空規(guī)章 Federal Aviation Regulations 2(10)
