(B)
The ventilating air temperature exceeds safe limits.

(C)
The combustion air.ow becomes inadequate for safe operation.

(D)
The ventilating air.ow becomes inadequate for safe operation.

(ii)
Means to warn the crew when any heater whose heat output is essential forsafeoperationhasbeen shut o.by the automaticmeansprescribedin subparagraph(i) of thisparagraph.

(2)
The meansfor complying with subparagraph(1)(i) ofthisparagraphfor any individual heater must–

′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart D : Design and Construction
(i)
Beindependentof components serving any otherheater whoseheat output is essential for safe operations; and

(ii)
Keep the heater o. until restarted by the crew.

(f)
Air intakes. Each combustion and ventilating air intake must be located so that no .ammable .uids or vapors can enter the heater system under any operating condition–

(1)
During normal operation; or

(2)
As a result of the malfunctioning of any other component.

(g)
Heater exhaust. Heater exhaust systems must meet the provisions of Secs. 23.1121 and 23.1123. In addition, there must be provisions in the design of the heater exhaust systemto safely expeltheproducts of combustiontopreventthe occurrence of–

(1)
Fuel leakage from the exhaust to surrounding compartments;

(2)
Exhaustgasimpingement on surrounding equipment or structure;

(3)
Ignitionof .ammable .uidsby theexhaust,if theexhaustisinacompartment containing .ammable .uidlines; and

(4)
Restrictions in the exhaust system to relieve back.res that, if so restricted, could cause heater failure.

(h)
Heater fuel systems.Eachheaterfuel system must meet eachpowerplantfuel system requirement a.ecting safe heater operation. Each heater fuel system component within the ventilating airstream must be protected by shrouds so that no leakage from those components can enter the ventilating airstream.

(i)
Drains. There must be means to safely drain fuel that might accumulate within the combustion chamber or the heater exchanger. In addition–

(1)
Each part of any drain that operates at high temperatures must be protected in the same manner as heater exhausts; and

(2)
Each drain must be protected from hazardous ice accumulation under any operating condition.]

Amdt. 23-27, E.. 11/18/80
FAR 23.863 : Flammable .uid .re protection.
(a)
In each area where .ammable .uids or vapors might escape by leakage of a .uid system, there must be means to minimize the probability of ignition of the .uids and vapors, and the resultant hazard if ignition does occur.

(b)
Compliance withparagraph(a) ofthis section mustbe shownby analysis ortests, and the following factors must be considered :

(1)
Possible sources and paths of .uid leakage, and means of detecting leakage.

(2)
Flammability characteristics of .uids, including e.ects of any combustible or absorbing materials.

(3)
Possible ignition sources, including electrical faults, overheating of equipment, and malfunctioning of protective devices.

(4)
Meansavailableforcontrolling orextinguishing a .re,such asstopping .owof .uids,shuttingdownequipment, .reproof containment,oruseof extinguishing agents.

(5) Ability of airplane components that are critical to safety of .ight to withstand .re and heat.
(c)
If action by the .ight crew is required to prevent or counteract a .uid .re (e.g. equipment shutdownoractuationof a .reextinguisher),[quick] acting meansmust be provided to alert the crew.

(d)
Eachareawhere .ammable .uidsorvaporsmight escapebyleakageof a .uid system must be identi.ed and de.ned.
　
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