(2)
Freefromglare andre.ections that couldinterfere with thepilot’s vision.Com-pliance must be shown in all operations for which certi.cation is requested; and
(3)
Designed so that each pilot is protected from the elements so that moderate rain conditions do not unduly impair the pilot’s view of the .ight path in normal .ight and while landing.
(b)
Each pilot compartment must have a means to either remove or prevent the for-mation of fog or frost on an area of the internal portion of the windshield and side windows su.ciently largetoprovidethe view speci.edinparagraph(a)(1) of this section. Compliance must be shown under all expected external and internal ambient operating conditions, unless it can be shown that the windshield and side windows can be easily cleared by the pilot without interruption of normal pilot duties.]
Amdt. 23-45, E.. 09/07/93
FAR 23.775 : Windshields and windows.
(a)
[Theinternalpanels ofwindshields and windows mustbe constructed of a nonsplin-tering material, such as nonsplintering safety glass.]
(b)
The design of windshields, windows, and canopies in pressurized airplanes must be based on factors peculiar to high altitude operation, including–
(1)
The e.ects of continuous and cyclic pressurization loadings;
(2)
Theinherent characteristics of the material used; and
(3)
The e.ects of temperatures and temperature gradients.
′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart D : Design and Construction
(c)
[Onpressurizedairplanes,if certi.cationfor operation upto andincluding25,000feet is requested, an enclosure canopyincluding a representativepart of the installation mustbe subjected to special tests to accountfor the combined e.ects of continuous and cyclicpressurizationloadingsand .ightloads,orcompliancewith thefail-safe requirements ofparagraph(d) of this section mustbe shown.
(d)
If certi.cation for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, the windshields, win-dowpanels,and canopiesmustbe strong enough to withstand the maximumcabin pressuredi.erential loads combined with critical aerodynamicpressure and tempe-rature e.ects, after failure of any load-carrying element of the windshield, window panel, or canopy.
(e)
The windshield and side windowsforward of thepilot’sback when thepilotis seated inthenormal .ightpositionmusthavealuminoustransmittancevalueof notless than 70 percent.]
(f)
Unless operation in known or forecast icing conditions is prohibited by operating limitations, a means must be provided to prevent or to clear accumulations of ice fromthewindshield sothatthepilothasadequateviewfortaxi,takeo.,approach, landing, and to perform any maneuvers within the operating limitations of the airplane.
(g)
In the event of any probable single failure, a transparency heating system must be incapableof raising thetemperature of any windshield orwindowto apoint where there would be–
(1)
Structural failure that adversely a.ects the integrity of the cabin; or
(2)
A danger of .re.
(h)
[In addition, for commuter categoryairplanes, the following applies :
(1)
Windshield panes directly in front of the pilots in the normal conduct of their duties, andthe supportingstructuresfor thesepanes, must withstand, without penetration, the impact of a two-pound bird when the velocity of the airplane (relativetothebirdalong theairplane’s .ightpath) isequal totheairplane’s maximum approach .ap speed.
(2)
The windshieldpanelsinfrontofthepilots mustbe arranged so that, assuming the loss of vision through any one panel, one or more panels remain available foruseby apilotseated atapilotstationtopermitcontinued safe .ightand landing.]
Amdt. 23-49, E.. 03/11/96
FAR 23.777 : Cockpit controls.
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本文鏈接地址：FAA規(guī)章 美國(guó)聯(lián)邦航空規(guī)章 Federal Aviation Regulations 2(35)
