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the beginning of the runway or at some point before
reaching the runway end for the purpose of departure
or to exit the runway.
BASE LEG−
(See TRAFFIC PATTERN.)
BEACON−
(See AERONAUTICAL BEACON.)
(See AIRPORT ROTATING BEACON.)
(See AIRWAY BEACON.)
(See MARKER BEACON.)
(See NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON.)
(See RADAR.)
BEARING− The horizontal direction to or from any
point, usually measured clockwise from true north,
magnetic north, or some other reference point
through 360 degrees.
(See NONDIRECTIONAL BEACON.)
BELOW MINIMUMS− Weather conditions below
the minimums prescribed by regulation for the
particular action involved; e.g., landing minimums,
takeoff minimums.
BLAST FENCE− A barrier that is used to divert or
dissipate jet or propeller blast.
BLIND SPEED− The rate of departure or closing of
a target relative to the radar antenna at which
cancellation of the primary radar target by moving
target indicator (MTI) circuits in the radar equipment
causes a reduction or complete loss of signal.
(See ICAO term BLIND VELOCITY.)
BLIND SPOT− An area from which radio transmissions
and/or radar echoes cannot be received. The
term is also used to describe portions of the airport not
visible from the control tower.
BLIND TRANSMISSION−
(See TRANSMITTING IN THE BLIND.)
BLIND VELOCITY [ICAO]− The radial velocity of
a moving target such that the target is not seen on
primary radars fitted with certain forms of fixed echo
suppression.
BLIND ZONE−
(See BLIND SPOT.)
BLOCKED− Phraseology used to indicate that a
radio transmission has been distorted or interrupted
due to multiple simultaneous radio transmissions.
BOUNDARY LIGHTS−
(See AIRPORT LIGHTING.)
BRAKING ACTION (GOOD, FAIR, POOR, OR
NIL)− A report of conditions on the airport movement
area providing a pilot with a degree/quality of
braking that he/she might expect. Braking action is
reported in terms of good, fair, poor, or nil.
(See RUNWAY CONDITION READING.)
BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES− When tower
controllers have received runway braking action
reports which include the terms “poor” or “nil,” or
whenever weather conditions are conducive to deteriorating
or rapidly changing runway braking conditions,
the tower will include on the ATIS broadcast
the statement, “BRAKING ACTION ADVISORIES
ARE IN EFFECT.” During the time Braking Action
Advisories are in effect, ATC will issue the latest
braking action report for the runway in use to each
arriving and departing aircraft. Pilots should be
prepared for deteriorating braking conditions and
should request current runway condition information
if not volunteered by controllers. Pilots should also
be prepared to provide a descriptive runway condition
report to controllers after landing.
BREAKOUT− A technique to direct aircraft out of
the approach stream. In the context of close parallel
operations, a breakout is used to direct threatened
aircraft away from a deviating aircraft.
BROADCAST− Transmission of information for
which an acknowledgement is not expected.
(See ICAO term BROADCAST.)
BROADCAST [ICAO]− A transmission of information
relating to air navigation that is not addressed to
a specific station or stations.

8/5/04 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG C−1
C
CALCULATED LANDING TIME− A term that may
be used in place of tentative or actual calculated
landing time, whichever applies.
CALL FOR RELEASE− Wherein the overlying
ARTCC requires a terminal facility to initiate verbal
coordination to secure ARTCC approval for release
of a departure into the en route environment.
CALL UP− Initial voice contact between a facility
and an aircraft, using the identification of the unit
being called and the unit initiating the call.
(Refer to AIM.)
CANADIAN MINIMUM NAVIGATION PERFORMANCE
SPECIFICATION AIRSPACE− That portion
of Canadian domestic airspace within which
MNPS separation may be applied.
CARDINAL ALTITUDES− “Odd” or “Even” thousand-
foot altitudes or flight levels; e.g., 5,000, 6,000,
7,000, FL 250, FL 260, FL 270.
(See ALTITUDE.)
(See FLIGHT LEVEL.)
CARDINAL FLIGHT LEVELS−
(See CARDINAL ALTITUDES.)
CAT−
(See CLEAR-AIR TURBULENCE.)
CATCH POINT− A fix/waypoint that serves as a
transition point from the high altitude waypoint
　
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