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airspace. VFR aircraft are only separated from IFR
aircraft within the airspace.
(See OUTER AREA.)
4. CLASS D− Generally, that airspace from the
surface to 2,500 feet above the airport elevation
(charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that
have an operational control tower. The configuration
of each Class D airspace area is individually tailored
and when instrument procedures are published, the
8/5/04 Pilot/Controller Glossary
PCG C−7
airspace will normally be designed to contain the
procedures. Arrival extensions for instrument approach
procedures may be Class D or Class E
airspace. Unless otherwise authorized, each person
must establish two-way radio communications with
the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to
entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those
communications while in the airspace. No separation
services are provided to VFR aircraft.
5. CLASS E− Generally, if the airspace is not
Class A, Class B, Class C, or Class D, and it is
controlled airspace, it is Class E airspace. Class E
airspace extends upward from either the surface or a
designated altitude to the overlying or adjacent
controlled airspace. When designated as a surface
area, the airspace will be configured to contain all
instrument procedures. Also in this class are Federal
airways, airspace beginning at either 700 or 1,200
feet AGL used to transition to/from the terminal or en
route environment, en route domestic, and offshore
airspace areas designated below 18,000 feet MSL.
Unless designated at a lower altitude, Class E
airspace begins at 14,500 MSL over the United
States, including that airspace overlying the waters
within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48
contiguous States and Alaska, up to, but not including
18,000 feet MSL, and the airspace above FL 600.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE [ICAO]− An airspace
of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights
in accordance with the airspace classification.
Note: Controlled airspace is a generic term which
covers ATS airspace Classes A, B, C, D, and E.
CONTROLLED TIME OF ARRIVAL− Arrival time
assigned during a Ground Delay Program. This time
may be modified due to GDP adjustments or user
options.
CONTROLLER−
(See AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL SPECIALIST.)
CONTROLLER [ICAO]− A person authorized to
provide air traffic control services.
CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATIONS
(CPDLC)− A two−way digital very
high frequency (VHF) air/ground communications
system that conveys textual air traffic control messages
between controllers and pilots.
CONVECTIVE SIGMET− A weather advisory
concerning convective weather significant to the
safety of all aircraft. Convective SIGMETs are issued
for tornadoes, lines of thunderstorms, embedded
thunderstorms of any intensity level, areas of thunderstorms
greater than or equal to VIP level 4 with an
area coverage of 4/10 (40%) or more, and hail 3/4 inch
or greater.
(See AIRMET.)
(See AWW.)
(See CWA.)
(See SIGMET.)
(Refer to AIM.)
CONVECTIVE SIGNIFICANT METEOROLOGICAL
INFORMATION−
(See CONVECTIVE SIGMET.)
COORDINATES− The intersection of lines of reference,
usually expressed in degrees/minutes/seconds
of latitude and longitude, used to determine position
or location.
COORDINATION FIX− The fix in relation to which
facilities will handoff, transfer control of an aircraft,
or coordinate flight progress data. For terminal
facilities, it may also serve as a clearance for arriving
aircraft.
COPTER−
(See HELICOPTER.)
CORRECTION− An error has been made in the
transmission and the correct version follows.
COUPLED APPROACH− A coupled approach is an
instrument approach performed by the aircraft autopilot
which is receiving position information and/or
steering commands from onboard navigation equipment.
In general, coupled nonprecision approaches
must be discontinued and flown manually at altitudes
lower than 50 feet below the minimum descent
altitude, and coupled precision approaches must be
flown manually below 50 feet AGL.
Note: Coupled and autoland approaches are flown
in VFR and IFR. It is common for carriers to require
their crews to fly coupled approaches and autoland
approaches (if certified) when the weather
conditions are less than approximately 4,000 RVR.
(See AUTOLAND APPROACH.)
COURSE−
a. The intended direction of flight in the horizontal
　
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