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aligned with the downwind corner of the field.
However, since the crosswind is now pushing you
away from the field, you must establish the proper drift
correction by flying slightly into the wind. Therefore,
the turn to crosswind should be greater than a 90°
change in heading (position 3). If the turn has been
made properly, the field boundary again appears to be
one-fourth to one-half mile away. While on the crosswind
leg, the wind correction should be adjusted, as
necessary, to maintain a uniform distance from the field
boundary (position 4).
As the next field boundary is being approached (position
5), plan the turn onto the upwind leg. Since a wind
correction angle is being held into the wind and toward
the field while on the crosswind leg, this next turn
requires a turn of less than 90°. Since the crosswind
becomes a headwind, causing the groundspeed to
decrease during this turn, the bank initially must be
medium and progressively decreased as the turn proceeds.
To complete the turn, time the rollout so that the
gyroplane becomes level at a point aligned with the
corner of the field just as the longitudinal axis of the
gyroplane again becomes parallel to the field boundary
(position 6). The distance from the field boundary
should be the same as on the other sides of the field.
On the upwind leg, the wind is a headwind, which
results in an decreased groundspeed (position 7).
Consequently, enter the turn onto the next leg with a
fairly slow rate of roll-in, and a relatively shallow bank
(position 8). As the turn progresses, gradually increase
the bank angle because the headwind component is
diminishing, resulting in an increasing groundspeed.
During and after the turn onto this leg, the wind tends
to drift the gyroplane toward the field boundary. To
compensate for the drift, the amount of turn must be
less than 90° (position 9).
Again, the rollout from this turn must be such that as
the gyroplane becomes level, the nose of the gyroplane
is turned slightly away the field and into the wind to
correct for drift. The gyroplane should again be the
same distance from the field boundary and at the same
altitude, as on other legs. Continue the crosswind leg
until the downwind leg boundary is approached (position
10). Once more you should anticipate drift and
turning radius. Since drift correction was held on the
crosswind leg, it is necessary to turn greater than 90° to
align the gyroplane parallel to the downwind leg
boundary. Start this turn with a medium bank angle,
gradually increasing it to a steeper bank as the turn progresses.
Time the rollout to assure paralleling the
WIND
No Crab
Start Turn

At Boundary
Complete Turn

At Boundary
Turn less Than

90°—Roll Out

With Crab Established
Crab Into

Wind
Start Turn

At Boundary
Turn More

Than 90°
Enter

Pattern
Complete Turn

At Boundary
No Crab
Start Turn

At Boundary
Turn More Than

90°—Roll Out

With Crab Established
Complete Turn

At Boundary
Crab Into

Wind
Start Turn

At Boundary
Turn Less

Than 90°
Complete Turn

At Boundary
Track With No Wind Correction
Figure 20-10. Rectangular course. The numbered positions in the text refer to the numbers in this illustration.
20-10
boundary of the field as the gyroplane becomes level
(position 11).
If you have a direct headwind or tailwind on the upwind
and downwind leg, drift should not be encountered.
However, it may be difficult to find a situation where
the wind is blowing exactly parallel to the field boundaries.
This makes it necessary to use a slight wind
correction angle on all the legs. It is important to anticipate
the turns to compensate for groundspeed, drift, and
turning radius. When the wind is behind the gyroplane,
the turn must be faster and steeper; when it is ahead of
the gyroplane, the turn must be slower and shallower.
These same techniques apply while flying in an airport
traffic pattern.
S-TURNS
Another training maneuver you might use is the S-turn,
which helps you correct for wind drift in turns. This
maneuver requires turns to the left and right. The reference
line used, whether a road, railroad, or fence,
should be straight for a considerable distance and
should extend as nearly perpendicular to the wind as
possible.
The object of S-turns is to fly a pattern of two half
circles of equal size on opposite sides of the reference
　
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