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.04
.05
.03
.04
.03
.03
.02
.03
.02
.03
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
.02
2 –
.10
.08
.09
.06
.08
.05
.07
.05
.06
.04
.05
.04
.05
.03
.04
.03
.04
3 –
.15
.11
.14
.09
.11
.08
.10
.07
.09
.06
.08
.06
.07
.05
.06
.05
.06
4 –
.20
.15
.18
.12
.15
.11
.13
.09
.11
.08
.10
.08
.09
.07
.08
.06
.08
5 –
.25
.19
.23
.16
.19
.13
.16
.12
.14
.11
.13
.09
.11
.09
.10
.08
.09
6 –
.30
.23
.27
.19
.23
.16
.19
.14
.17
.13
.15
.11
.14
.10
.12
.09
.11
7 –
.35
.26
.32
.22
.27
.19
.23
.16
.20
.15
.18
.13
.16
.12
.14
.11
.13
8 –
.40
.30
.36
.25
.30
.21
.26
.19
.23
.17
.20
.15
.18
.14
.17
.13
.15
9 –
.45
.34
.41
.28
.34
.24
.29
.21
.26
.19
.23
.17
.20
.15
.19
.14
.17
10 –
.51
.38
.45
.31
.38
.27
.32
.23
.28
.21
.25
.19
.23
.17
.21
.16
.19
Subtract approximately .01% every 45 minutes after drinking.
Table 3.— Expected blood cholesterol level in
individuals of different weights
These values will prevail at about 30 minutes after ingestion, and will decline at a rate depending upon a
(55 kg). The recommended weekly maximum intake for males is 21 units and for women 14 units.
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — November 2009 III-14-10
variety of factors such as physical activity, food ingestion, and individual tolerances. However, such effects
are small and, in general, it can be stated that a healthy individual will metabolize alcohol at a constant rate
sufficient to decrease the blood concentration by about 0.015 per cent (15 mg alcohol per 100 mL blood =
15 mg per cent) each hour. A blood level of 0.1 per cent or 1 per mille (100 mg per cent) is generally
accepted as the intoxication level. Some individuals manifest performance degradation at levels as low as
0.04 per cent (40 mg per cent) BAC. It should be the rule that a pilot should not fly with any detectable
alcohol blood level. Furthermore, blood level is not the sole determinant of flying safety after drinking,
because an individual may have reduced his blood alcohol level to zero but still be significantly impaired
due to “hangover”. It is for this reason that commercial airlines in their company flying orders may insist
upon a 24-hour period of abstinence from alcohol before flying. In fact, the physiological and performance
effects of drinking may persist for up to 48 - 72 hours. The United States Federal Aviation Administration
regulations require eight hours of abstinence from alcohol before flight and sets a maximum limit of 0.04
per cent BAC for those operating, or attempting to operate, an aircraft. Similar regulations are in place in
many Contracting States.
Tobacco
It is beyond the scope of this section to provide a detailed discussion of the well-documented health hazards
of smoking. The ill effects relative to the pulmonary and cardiovascular systems (e.g. chronic bronchitis,
chronic obstructive lung disease, bronchial malignancy, and coronary artery disease) are not the only
considerations from the standpoint of flight safety, however. Decreased altitude tolerance secondary to the
displacement of oxyhaemoglobin by methaemoglobin, increased fatigue, conjunctival irritation, and
decreased night vision are common consequences reported to be due to smoking. As almost all passenger
flights today are smoke free, it is important that pilots ensure they do not suffer withdrawal symptoms
during flight Aviation safety is best served by licence holders who do not smoke as they are less likely to
suffer incapacitation from tobacco related diseases and conditions and generally enjoy a better health.
Illicit drugs
The following are some of the more common drugs used by individuals in today’s society: cannabis sativa
　
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本文鏈接地址：Manual of Civil Aviation Medicine 2(107)