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than DNA results; the significant contribution of dental evidence in this large-scale multinational operation
is consistent with experience in other disasters. The operation resulted in relationships being built between
DVI teams and experts from many nations, and skills, experiences and knowledge have been exchanged.
To further increase and consolidate the forensic odontology response capabilities, the DVI Forensic
Odontology Working Group, working under the auspices of the Interpol Standing Committee on DVI and
comprising specialists in DVI responses and methods, has established a number of subgroups to work on
important issues identified during recent disaster operations; among the action points to work on are
updating and improvement of the DVI Guide and Forms and the software DVI System International
including suggestions on an international standard for dental codes. Accreditation of DVI forensic
odontologist, based on qualifications and experience, is a further issue of concern, because forensic
odontology is a specialty that cannot be carried out by dentists without training and experience within the
field.
The International Organization for Forensic Odonto-Stomatology (I.O.F.O.S.; see list of further reading)
works as a unity among its constituent national societies (June 2008: 20 societies). A major objective for the
organization is to provide a liaison between societies for forensic odontology on a global basis. The
Worldwide Forensic Odontology Contacts archive, also called “The Burgman List”, is a list of forensic
odontologists to be used by dental DVI teams or other authorities requiring assistance on ante-mortem
dental information, etc. (Country index as of November 2005 encompassing 120 countries). The list is
periodically updated and hosted by the I.O.F.O.S.
SUMMARY
Planning is crucial for successful DVI in situations with multiple casualties, whether a man-made accident
or a natural disaster. The key to successful mass disaster identification is preparedness, and many countries
have appointed multi-disciplinary DVI teams or identification commissions to handle such situations.
Standardized protocols and procedures for odontology including radiography and photography should be
provided from the team leaders in charge before the recordings are initiated. There is no universally
accepted form on which to transcribe the dental AM and PM information but the dental data sheets of the
Interpol DVI form set are now being adopted by more and more forensic odontologists in several countries.
As a rule, teams of two forensic odontologists are preferable for recording and handling AM and PM data.
The data should be quality assessed during recording and before being entered into databases. The
concluding comparative dental identification makes use of and evaluates the two sets of recordings
systematically, tooth by tooth. The system, known as DVI System International, is at present the only
internationally approved software programme that supports data processing and dental data matching,
required for the final identity assessment.
FURTHER READING
Brannon RB, Kessler HP. Problems in mass-disaster dental identification: a retrospective review.
J Foresnsic Sci 1999; 44: 127-7.
De Walck E. Major incident response: Collecting ante-mortem data. Forensic Sci Int 2006; 159S: S15-19
Gaytmenn R, Sweet D. Quantification of forensic DNA from various regions of human teeth. J Forensic Sci
2003; 48: 622-5.
Kvaal SI. Collection of post mortem data: DVI protocols and quality assurance. Forensic Sci Int 2006; S159:
S12-14.
ICAO Preliminary Unedited Version — October 2008 IV-2-7
Lunetta P, Ranta H, Cattaneo C, Piaccini A, Niskanen R, Sajantila A, Penttila A. International collaboration
in mass disasters involving foreign nationals within the EU. Medico-legal investigation of Finnish victims
of the Milan Linate airport SAS SK 686 aircraft accident on 8 October 2001. Int J Legal Med 2003; 117:
204-10.
Nuzolese E, Di Vella G. Future project concerning mass disaster management: a forensic odontology
prospectus. Int Dent J 2007; 57: 261-6.
Petju M, Suteerayongprasert A, Thong R, Hassiri K. Importance of dental records for victim identification
following the Indian Ocean tsunami disaster in Thailand. Public Health 2007; 121: 251-7.
Sweet D. Solving certain dental records problems with technology – The Canadian solution in the Thailand
tsunami response. Forensic Sci Int 2006; S159: S20-23.
Torpet LA. DVI System International: software assisting in the Thai tsunami identification process. J
Forensic Odontostomatol 2005; 23: 19-25.
www.interpol.int/Public/DisasterVictim/default.asp
www.odont.uio.no/foreninger/iofos/
www.plass.dk
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