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Part III - Chapter 3
a) emission rate, i.e. emission index x fuel flow,
(gramslsecond), for each gaseous pollutant;
b) total gross emission of each gaseous pollutant
measured over the LTO cycle (grams);
c) values of D, /F*, for each gaseous pollutant
(grarns/kilonewton); and
d) maximum Smoke Number.
3.4.3.2 The characteristic Smoke Number and gaseous
pollutant emission levels shall be provided for each engine
type for which emissions certiiication is sought.
Note.- The characteristic level of the Smke Number or
gaseous pollutant emissbns is the man of the values of all
the engines tested measured and corrected to the reference
standard engine and reference ambient conditionr, divided by
the coeflicient corresponding to the number of engines tested,
as shown in Appendk 6.
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APPENDIX 1. MEASUREMENT OF REFERENCE PRESSURE RATIO
1. GENERAL
1.1 Pressure ratio shall be established using a
representative engine.
1.2 Reference pressure ratio shall be derived by
correlating measured pressure ratio with engine thrust
corrected to standard day ambient pressure and entering this
correlation at the standard day rated take-off thrust.
2. MEASUREMENT
2.1 Total pressure shall be measured at the last
compressor discharge plane and the first compressor front
face by positioning at least four probes so as to divide the air
flow area into four equal sectors and taking a mean of the
four values obtained.
Note.- Compressor discharge total pressure may be
obtainedfrom total or static pressure measured at a position
as close as possible to the compressor dzkcharge plane.
Howevet; the certificating authority may approve alternurive
means of estimating the compressor discharge total pressure
if the engine is so designed that the provision of the probes
referred to above is impractical for the emissions test.
2.2 Necessary correlation factors shall be determined
during type certification testing using a minimum of one
engine and any associated engine component tests and
analysis.
2.3 Ptocedures shall be acceptable to the certificating
authority.
ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1
APPENDIX 2. SMOKE EMISSION EVALUATION
1. INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITIONS b) The probe design shall be such that at least 80 per
cent of the pressure drop through the probe assembly
Note.- The procedures specijied here are concerned with is taken at the orifices.
the acquisition of representative exhaust samples and their
transmission to, and analysis by, trhe emissions measuring c) The number of sampling orifices shall not be less
system. than 12.
1.1 Variations in the procedure contained in this
Appendix shall only be allowed after prior application to and
approval by the certificating authority.
1.2 Where the following expressions and symbols are
used in this Appendix, they have the meanings ascribed to
them below:
Sampling reference size. The sample mass, 16.2 kg/m2 of
stained filter area, which if passed through the filter material
results in a change of reflectance which gives a value of the
SN parameter.
Sampling size. A chosen exhaust sample, the magnitude
of whose mass (expressed in kilograms per square metre of
stained filter surface area) lies in the range prescribed in 2.5.3
h) of this Appendix which, when passed through the filter
material, causes a change in reflectance yielding a value for
the SN' parameter.
Sampling volume. The chosen sample volume (expressed
in cubic metres) whose equivalent mass, calculated as
indicated in 3 of this Appendix, conforms to the above
definition of sampling size.
SN. Smoke Number; Dimensionless term quantifying
smoke ernission.leve1 based upon the staining of a filter by
the reference mass of exhaust gas sample, and rated on a
scale of 0 to 100 (see 3 of this Appendix).
SN'. Smoke Number obtained from an individual smoke
sample, not necessarily of the reference size, as defined in 3
of this Appendix.
W. Mass of individual exhaust gas smoke sample, in
kilograms, calculated from the measurements of sample
volume, pressure and temperature (see 3 of this Appendix).
2. MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE EMISSIONS
2.1 Sampling probe for smoke emissions
d) The sampling plane shall be as close to the engine
exhaust nozzle exit plane as permitted by considerations
of engine performance but in any case shall be
within 0.5 nozzle diameters of the exit plane.
e) The applicant shall provide evidence to the certificating
authority, by means of detailed traverses, that
the proposed probe design and position does provide
　
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