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turbine engines where the jet effluxes are not mixed (as in
some turbofan engines for example) the nozzle considered is Response. The change in instrument output signal that
that for the gas generator (core) flow only. Where, however, Occurs with change in *lso the Output
jet efflux is mixed die nozzle considered is the total exit si@al corresponding to a given sample concentration.
nozzle.
Flame ionization detector. A hydrogen-air diffusion flame
detector that produces a signal nominally proportional to the
mass-flow rate of hydrocarbons entering the flame per unit of
time - generally assumed responsive to the number of
carbon atoms entering the flame.
Inteflerence. Instrument response due to presence of
components other than the gas (or vapour) that is to be
measured.
Stability. The closeness with which repeated measurements
upon a given invariant sample can be maintained over
a given period of time.
Zero drift. %me-related deviation of instrument output
from zero set point when it is operating on gas free of the
component to be measured.
Zero gas. A gas to be used in establishing the zero, or noresponse,
adjustment of an instrument.
1111 1193 18 ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1
Appendix 3 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
Figure 3-1. Sampling and analysis system, schematic
REPRESENTS (GROUP OF) VALVE(S) TO lMPLEMENT
REQUIRED ROUTE SELECTIONS(S)
LlNE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED AT 160%
LlNE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED AT 65%
I FURTHER NOTES AND DETAIL IN TEXT
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ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
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Annex 16 - Environmenhl Protection Volume ZI
3. DATA REQUIRED
3.1 Gaseous emissions
Concentrations of h e following emissions shall be
determined:
b) the necessity for a dump andlor a hot-sample pump
will depend on ability to meet the sample transfer
time and analysis sub-system sample flow rate
- requirements. This in turn depends on the exhaust
sample driving pressure and line losses. It is
considered that these pumps usually will be necessary
at certain engine running conditions; and
a) Hydrocarbons (HC): a combined estimate of all hydrocarbon
compounds present in the exhaust gas. c) the position of the hot pump, relative to the gas
analysis sub-system, may be varied as required. (For
b) Carbon monoxide (CO).
c) Carbon dioxide (CO,).
example, some HC analysers contain hot pumps and
so may be judged capable of being used upstream of
the system hot pump.)
Note.- CO, is not considered a pollutant but its Note.- Figure 3-1 is a schematic drawing of the exhaust
concentration is required for calculation and check gas sampling and analytical system and typi$es the basic
purposes. requirements for emissions testing.
d) Oxides of nilrogen (NO,): an estimate of the sum of
the two oxides, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen
dioxide (NO2).
e) Nitric oxide (NO).
3.2 Other information
In order to normalize the emissions measurement data and to
quantify the engine test characteristics, the following additional
information shall be provided:
- inlet temperature;
- inlet humidity;
- atmospheric pressure;
- hydrogen/carbon ratio of fuel;
- other required engine parameters (for example, thrust,
rotor speeds, turbine temperatures and gas-generator
air flow).
This data shall be obtained either by direct measurement
or by calculation, as presented in Attachment E to this
appendix.
4. GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
OF THE SYSTEM
5. DESCRIPTION OF
COMPONENT PARTS
. Note.- A general description and specification of the
princ@al elements in the engine exhaust emissions measurement
system follows. Greater detail, where necessary, will be
found in Attachments A, B and C to this appendix.
5.1 Sampling system
5.1.1 Sampling probe
a) The probe shall be made of stainless steel. If a mixing
probe is used, all sampling orifices shall be of equal
diameter;
b) the probe design shall be such that at least 80 per cent of
the pressure drop through the probe assembly is taken at
the orifices;
c) the number of sampling orifices shall not be less than 12;
d) the sampling plane shall be as close to the engine exhaust
nozzle exit plane as permitted by considerations of engine
performance but inany case shall be within 0.5 nozzle
diameter of the exit plane; and
e) the applicant shall provide evidence to the certificating
No desiccants, dryers, water traps or related equipment shall authority, by means of detailed traverses, that the
be used to treat the exhaust sample flowing to the oxides of proposed probe design and position does provide a reprenitrogen
　
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