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corrected thrust conditions. A minimum of three test points
shall be required to define the idle mode. The following
relationships shall be determined for each pollutant:
a) between EI and TB ; and
b) between Wf (engine fuel mass flow rate) and TB ; and
C) between F, (corrected to ISA sea level conditions) and
TB (corrected to ISA sea level conditions);
Note.- These are illustrated, for example. by Figure 3-2
a), b) and c).
When the engine being tested is not a "reference" engine,
the data may be corrected to "reference" engine conditions
using the relationships b) and c) obtained from a reference
engine. A reference engine is defined as an engine
substantially configured to the description of the engine to be
certificated and accepted by the cemficating authority to be
representative of the engine type for which certification is
sought.
The manufacturer shall also supply to the certificating
authority all of the necessary engine performance data to
substantiate these relationships and for ISA sea level ambient
conditions:
d) maximum rated thrust (F,); and
e) engine pressure ratio (n) at maximum rated thrust.
Note.- These are illustrated by Figure 3-2 d).
7.2.3 The estimation of EI for each pollutant at each of
the required engine mode settings, corrected to the reference
ambient conditions, shall comply with the following general
procedure:
a) at each mode ISA thrust condition F,, determine the
equivalent combustor inlet temperature (TB) (E'gure
3-2 c));
-w11105
No. 5
Appendix 3 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
1 - d) Fvn
Figure 3-2. Calculation procedure
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
b) from the EYTB characteristic (Figure 3-2 a)), determine
the EI, value corresponding to TB;
c) from the Wf/TB characteristic (Figure 3-2 b)), determine
the Wf, value corresponding to TB;
d) note the ISA maximum rated thrust and pressure ratio
values. These are Foo and 7~ respectively (Figure 3-2 d));
e) calculate, for each pollutant Dp = C (EI,) (Wfn) (t)
where:
t time in LTO mode (minutes)
Wf, fuel mass flow rate (kglmin)
X is the summation for the set of modes comprising the
reference LTO cycle.
7.2.4 While the methodology described above is the
recommended method, the certificating authority may accept
equivalent mathematical procedures which utilize
mathematical expressions representing the curves illustrated if
the expression have been derived using an accepted curve
fitting technique.
7.3 Exceptions to the
proposed procedures
In those cases where the configuration of the engine or other
exten~iating conditions exist which would prohibit the use of
this procedure, the certificating authority, after receiving
satisfactory technical evidence of equivalent results obtained
by an alternative procedure, may approve an alternative
procedure.
-24/11/05
No. 5
APPENDIX 4. SPECIFICATION FOR FUEL TO BE USED IN
AIRCRAFT TURBINE ENGINE EMISSION TESTING
Property
Density kg/m3 at 15OC
Distillation temperam, OC
10% boiling point
Final boiling point
Net heat of combustion, MJkg
Aromatics, volume 9%
Naphthalenes, volume %
Smoke point, mm
Hydrogen, mass %
Sulphur, mass 6
Kinematic viscosity at -20°C, m d s
Allowable range
of values
155 - 201
235 - 285
42.86 - 43.50
15 - 23
1.0 - 3.5
20 - 28
13.4 - 14.3
less than 0.3%
2.5 - 6.5
ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1 24/11/05
No. 5
APPENDIX 5. INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
FOR GASEOUS EMISSIONS FROM
AFTERBURNING GAS TURBINE ENGINES
1. INTRODUCTION
Note.- The procedures speczjied in this appendix are
concerned with the acquisition of representative exhaust
samples and their transmission to, and analysis by, the
emissions measuring system These procedures only apply
when ajlerburning is employed. The methods proposed are
representative of the best readily available and most
established modem practice. The need to correct for ambient
conditions is recognized and a method will be speczjied when
one becomes available. Meanwhile any correction methods
used when afterburning is employed should be approved by the
cerhfiating authority.
Variations in the procedure contained in this appendix shall
only be allowed after prior application to and approval by the
certificating authority.
2. DEFINlTI ONS
Where the following expressions are used without further
explanation in this appendix, they have the meanings ascribed
　
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