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– in normal operation, the aircraft does not touch the
ground during the procedure
– with an engine failure it can be demonstrated that
an accident is extremely improbably
Minimum Approach
Break-off Height
• Used by JAA but being phased out
• Replaced by minimum DH or indication in
AFM of altitude loss during automatic go
around - either MABH or altitude loss in
AFM can be use to determine minimum DH
in CAT III operation
Types of Minima
• Airfield Operating Minima - established in
accordance with aerodrome OCH
• Operator Minima - Lowest minima approved by
authority for use by an air operator
• Crew Minima - lowest for a crew depending on
their qualification/experience
• Aircraft minima - demonstrated during aircraft
certification and found in the AFM

Aircraft
Flight Crew Air
Operator
Aerodrome
Safety
Regulatory Approval
Aircraft requirements Airfield requirements
CAT II/III certification CAT II/III facilities
Operator’s duties
Crew training
Flight Procedures
Maintenance programme
Airfield operating
minima
FILE  Simulator training
Operational
demonstration
Approval
In-line operation Monitoring
Approval Process
Topics
• Aircraft Requirements
• Aerodrome Requirements
• Air Operator
• Approval Process
Aeroplane and
Equipment
• Aircraft requires CAT II/III approval
• Operational approval is required
• JAR AWO section 1 (Autoland), Section 2
CAT II and section 3 (CAT III)
• FAA AC20-57A (autoland), AC 120-29
(CAT II) and AC 120-28D (CAT III)
Aeroplane and
Equipment Certification
• Equipment listed in AFM to be operative
• MEL indicate status of CAT II/III
• Automatic landing certification requires
simulations, assessments and flight test
• Touchdown, roll-out, automatic landing
with various configurations and conditions
tested
Aeroplane and
Equipment Certification
• Successful approach
– No system failure from 150m
– Speed maintained +/- 5 knots (no
turbulence)
– Position of the aircraft between 90m and
the DH - deviation of Glide path and
Localizer do not exceed the values for
excess deviation alerts
Aeroplane and
Equipment Certification
Aerodrome
Requirements
• Standards and Recommendations from
ICAO Annex 10 (ILS) and ICAO Annex 14
(Aerodrome) are internationally accepted
• Additional requirements/variants may be
found in national regulations
• Summary view of typical CAT II/III airfield
Aerodrome
Requirements - Runway
• Runway length - operational requirement
• Runway width - normally < 45m
• Slope 1st/last quarter < 0.8%
• Auto Landing - maximum 2% per 30m in area just
before threshold (60m by 200m)
• Objects on runway strip - nil within 60m of centreline
(except frangible)
• Taxi-holding positions not < 90m
Aerodrome Requirements
Visual Aids -Aerodrome
• Markings centreline, touchdown, taxiway, taxiholding
position markings
• High intensity threshold, runway end lights,
runway touchdown zone lights and runway
centreline lights, taxiway centreline lights if
<400m visibility, stop bars <400m visibility
Aerodrome Requirements
Visual Aids - Approach
• Approach Lights required for CAT II
only
• Extended centreline, side row, crossbar
Aerodrome Requirements
Obstacle Clearance Area
• Obstacle Clearance Altitude/Height (OCH/OCA) -
lowest height above threshold (aerodrome) used in
establishing compliance with appropriate obstacle
clearance criteria
• Minimum DH for CAT II cannot be less than
established OCH/A
• OCH/A is a function of aircraft category
Aerodrome Requirements
Obstacle Clearance Area
• Obstacle Free Zone
– airspace above inner approach surface, inner
transitional and balked landing surfaces and
that portion of the strip
– not penetrated by obstacles except frangible
mounted required for air transportation
purposes
Aerodrome Requirements
ILS Facility
• Three categories (Annex 10)
– 60m (200ft) for CAT I
– 15m (50ft) for CAT II (acceptable to be used
for CAT III with the highest minima (DH
not< 50ft)
– Runway surface and along the runway for
CAT III
　
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