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18 % of the total. The number of accidents varies over the decade. When
looking at the three-year moving average, it appears that the number of fatal accidents
has increased in the second half of the decade.
3.0 COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT, AIRCRAFT OVER 2 250 KG MTOM
ANNUAL SAFETY REVIEW 2007 17
FIGURE 10 Number of fatal accidents—EASA MS and foreign registered helicopters
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3.2.2 Fatal accidents per type of operation
Figure 11 presents the type of operation involved in fatal accidents. When reviewing
the type of operation involved in fatal accidents, a difference can be observed
between the EASA MS registered aircraft and foreign registered aircraft.
FIGURE 11 Fatal accidents per type of operation—EASA MS and foreign registered helicopters
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3.0 COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT, AIRCRAFT OVER 2 250 KG MTOM
18 ANNUAL SAFETY REVIEW 2007
When looking at foreign registered aircraft, passenger transport is the main type
of operation involved in fatal accidents. Most fatal accidents (16) of EASA MS
aircraft involved helicopters operating as emergency medical services (EMS). This
represents 44 % of the total number of fatal accidents involving EMS operations
worldwide. These EMS flights facilitate emergency medical assistance, where immediate
and rapid transportation of medical personnel, medical supplies or injured
persons is essential.
The “other” operations category includes operations such as cargo, commercial
training flights or operations the type of which is unknown.
It is worth noting that in the last decade, worldwide 25 helicopters involved in
fatal accidents were performing an offshore flight: flights to or from an offshore
installation. These accidents are included in all four of the categories mentioned
above.
3.2.3 Accident categories
The CICTT accident categories were originally developed for accidents involving
large commercial aeroplanes. For this Annual safety review, those accident categories
have also been assigned to the fatal helicopter accidents. More than one category
can be assigned to an accident.
As shown in Figure 12, the majority of helicopter accidents are assigned under the
category of “unknown”. This is because in some cases it is not possible to determine
the accident cause.
3.0 COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT, AIRCRAFT OVER 2 250 KG MTOM
ANNUAL SAFETY REVIEW 2007 19
FIGURE 12 Accident categories of fatal accidents—Helicopters, EASA MS and foreign registered
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The category with the second highest number of fatal accidents assigned is CFIT
(controlled flight into terrain). In most cases adverse weather circumstances were
prevalent, such as deteriorating visibility due to mist or fog. Also, several flights
had taken place at night.
Loss of control in flight (LOC-I) has the third highest number of accidents assigned.
Helicopter handling difficulties together with the presence of adverse
weather conditions were mentioned in several accidents. The “other” (OTHR)
category mainly has been assigned to accidents during take-off and landing phases
where a collision with objects on the ground occurred.
Low altitude (LALT) accidents are collisions with terrain and obstacles that occurred
while intentionally operating near the surface, excluding take-off and landing
phases. It is important to note that a significant number of LALT and OTHR
involved a collision with power lines.
SCF-NP and SCF-PP can be grouped together as the more technical systems related
accidents or TECH category. The accidents in this category mainly involve critical
systems: engine failures, main rotor system failures or tail rotor system failures.
3.0 COMMERCIAL AIR TRANSPORT, AIRCRAFT OVER 2 250 KG MTOM
　
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