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as helipads, private landing sites and natural landing sites. Also, a helicopter has different
aerodynamic and handling characteristics from aeroplanes. All this is reflected in the
different accident characteristics.
Table 3-2 Overview of total number of accidents and fatal accidents
for EASA MS operators (helicopters)
Period
Number
of accidents
Fatal
accidents
Fatalities
on board
Ground
fatalities
1998 – 2007 (average) 8 3 11 0
2008 (total) 10 2 4 0
2009 (total) 5 2 18 0
Your safety is our mission. 21
‘Passenger’ air transport operation is the main type of operation involved in fatal accidents
of third country operators. Most fatal accidents of EASA MS aircraft (13) involved helicopter
emergency medical services (HEMS4). This represents 39 % of the total number of fatal
accidents for helicopter EMS operations worldwide. The category ‘Other’ includes cargo and
air taxi operations.
In the last decade 26 helicopters involved in fatal accidents worldwide were performing an
offshore flight (flights to or from an offshore installation). These accidents are included in
Figure 3-8.
Figure 3-7 Fatal accidents in commercial air transport – EASA MS and third country
operated helicopters
10
15
5 7 11 8 16 16 11
15
14 17 9
20
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Fatal accidents
EASA MS operators
Fatal accidents
third country operators
Third country operators
3-year average
EASA MS operators
3-year average
2
4
4
2 2
5
1
2
2
Note: 4 HEMS flights facilitate emergency medical assistance, where immediate and rapid transportation
of medical personnel, medical supplies or injured persons is essential.
Commercial air transport
Figure 3-8 Fatal accidents by type of commercial air transport operation – EASA MS and
third country operated helicopters (2000 – 2009)
40
60
20 70
8
13
20 24 12
80
Passenger Emergency Medical Service Ferry/positioning Other
EASA MS operators
Third country operators
3
22 European aviation safety agency
Annual Safety Review 2009
ICE
USOS
ADRM
GCOL
UNK
FUEL
LOC-G
ARC
MAC
SEC
F-POST
WSTRW
SCF-PP
OTHR
SCF-NP
LALT
LOC-I
CFIT
Fatal accidents
Non-fatal accidents
0 5 10 15 20 25
Figure 3-9 Accident categories for fatal and non-fatal accidents – number of accidents
by EASA MS operated helicopters (2000 – 2009)
3.2.3 Accident categories
For this Annual safety review, the accident categories have also been assigned to fatal
and non-fatal helicopter accidents involving EASA MS operators. An accident may be assigned
more than one category.
Over the last years, the Agency has continuously attempted to reduce the share of accidents
classified as ‘Unknown’ (UNK). An effort was made in order to obtain additional accident
data. In comparison to the Annual safety review 2008 the number of UNK has been
reduced to two accidents, see Figure 3-9.
The category with the highest number of fatal accidents assigned is CFIT (‘controlled flight
into terrain’). In most cases adverse weather circumstances were prevalent, such as
reduced visibility due to mist or fog. Also, several flights had taken place at night or over
mountainous or hilly terrain.
‘Loss of control in-flight’ (LOC-I) has the second highest number of fatal accidents assigned
and the third highest number of total accidents assigned.
‘Low altitude’ (LALT) accidents are collisions with terrain and objects that occurred while
intentionally flying close to the surface, excluding take-off and landing phases.
The two categories addressing system or component failures and malfunctions are SCF-NP
and SCF-PP, for respectively non-powerplant and powerplant failures or malfunctions.
The accidents in both categories mainly involve engine, main rotor system, tail rotor system
or flight control failures or malfunctions.
Commercial air transport Your safety is our mission. 23
The ‘Other’ (OTHR) category is assigned when the accident is not covered under another
category. The accidents in this category mainly involved accidents during take-off and
landing phases where the main or tail rotor collided with objects on the ground. Helicopters
often operate in confined areas close to obstacles. Also, in several accidents the powerful
rotor downwash resulted in serious injuries to people on the ground or caused loose objects
　
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