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operations, flight planning rooms, and other locations where aeronautical charts are issued or where
flight planning takes place.
1.30. Chart Currency and Updating Information:
1.30.1. DoD Bulletin Digest. This document provides a complete cumulative listing of current chart
editions available for distributions of users. Information available in these documents (within each chart
series) is the chart number, current edition and date of edition.
1.30.2. DoD Chart Updating Manual (CHUM). This document lists, for each current chart edition,
corrections and additions which could affect flying safety. The unclassified CHUM should be in all flight
planning rooms. The additions and corrections listed for the appropriate charts should be checked and
the applicable ones annotated on the charts. NOTE: The CHUM does not contain manmade obstacles
less than 199 feet tall. CHUM data is also available on-line at some base operations facilities.
1.30.3. Types of Charts. Aeronautical charts are differentiated on a functional basis by the type of
information they contain. Navigation charts are grouped into three major types: general purpose, special
purpose, and plotting. The name of the chart is a reasonable indication of its intended use. A Minimal
Flight Planning Chart is primarily used in minimal flight planning techniques; and a Jet Navigation
Chart has properties making it adaptable to the speed, altitude, and instrumentation of jet aircraft. In
addition to the specific type of information contained, charts vary according to the amount of
information displayed. Charts designed to facilitate the planning of long distance flights carry less detail
than those required for navigation en route. Local charts present great detail.
1.31. Chart Symbols:
1.31.1. Standard Symbols. Symbols are used for easy identification of information portrayed on
aeronautical charts. While these symbols may vary slightly between various projections, the amount of
variance is slight and, once the basic symbol is understood, variations of it are easy to identify. A chart
50 AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001
legend is the key to explaining the meaning of the relief, culture, hydrography, vegetation, and
aeronautical symbols, as shown in Figure 1.31.
Figure 1.31. Sample Chart Legend.
1.31.2. Relief (Hypsography). Chart relief shows the physical features related to the differences in
elevation of land surface. These include features such as mountains, hills, plateaus, plains, depressions,
etc. Standard symbols and shading techniques are used in relief portrayal on charts; these include
contours, spot elevations and variations in tint, and shading to represent shadows.
1.31.3. Contour Lines. A contour is a line connecting points of equal elevation. Figure 1.32 shows the
relationship between contour lines and terrain. Notice on steep slopes the contours are close together and
on gentle slopes they are farther apart. The interval of the contour lines usually depends upon the scale of
the chart and the terrain depicted. In the illustration, the contour interval is 1,000 feet. Depression
contours are regular contour lines with spurs or ticks added on the downslope side.
AFPAM11-216 1 MARCH 2001 51
Figure 1.32. Contour Lines.
1.31.4. Spot Elevations. Spot elevations are the height of a particular point of terrain above an
established datum, usually sea level.
1.31.5. Gradient Tints. The relief indicating contours is further emphasized on charts by a system of
gradient tints. They are used to designate areas within certain elevation ranges by different color tints.
1.31.6. Shading. Perhaps the most obvious portrayal of relief is supplied by graduated shading applied
to the southeastern side of elevated terrain and the northwestern side of depressions. This shading
simulates the shadows cast by elevated features, lending a sharply defined, three-dimensional effect.
1.31.7. Cultural Features. All structural developments appearing on the terrain are known as cultural
features. Three main factors govern the amount of detail given to cultural features: (1) the scale of the
chart, (2) the use of the chart, and (3) the geographical area covered. Populated places, roads, railroads,
installations, dams, bridges, and mines are some of the many kinds of cultural features portrayed on
aeronautical charts. The true representative size and shape of larger cities and towns are shown.
Standardized coded symbols and type sizes are used to represent smaller population centers. Some
symbols denoting cultural features are usually keyed in a chart legend. However, some charts use
pictorial symbols which are self-explanatory.
1.31.8. Hydrography. In this category, aeronautical charts depict oceans, coast lines, lakes, rivers,
streams, swamps, reefs, and numerous other hydrographic features. Open water may be portrayed by
　
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