1.4.1.4  In these circumstances, it should be stressed that for the delineation of any airspace structures, only the strict application of the essential principles below and in particular the Third Principle will ensure that activity in any airspace volume will not endanger non-participating aircraft flying at or near its published limits.
1.4.1.5  ECAC States should therefore endeavour to reconsider all their airspace organisation using the following essential principles for a common interpretation of rules related to the delineation, establishment and use of specific portions of airspace by civil and military users (see Annex 1A).

1.4.2 Essential Principles
1.4.2.1  First Principle -Responsible Authorities
A responsible authority will be determined by each State in regard to:
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airspace design;

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type of Air Traffic Service provision; and/or

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any other activity carried out in specified airspace structures.

o  The responsible authority for airspace design should be the permanent high-level policy body in charge of Strategic ASM Level 1 activities (see Section 3 of the EUROCONTROL Handbook for Airspace Management).
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1.4.2.2 Second Principle – Design Efficiency
The dimensions of airspace structures should be established to encompassthe absolute minimum airspace necessary to contain operations.
1.4.2.3 Third Principle – Containment of Operations
The published limits should contain enough airspace to ensure that activityin that airspace structure will not endanger non-participating aircraftoperating at or near its published limits.
1.4.2.4 Fourth Principle – Protected Airspace
Airspace structures should be established in such a way that associatedprotected airspaces do not overlap.
1.4.2.5 Fifth Principle - Boundaries
Distinct/individual boundaries should preferably be defined for activities inadjacent airspace. However, where it is necessary to define a commonboundary, appropriate measures governing operations in the proximity ofthe common boundary should be established.
o  Letters of Agreement (LoA) are the way in which standard co-ordination procedures between the two parties should be formalised.

o  Letters of Agreement should contain normal practices for standard co-ordination and contingency plans for instances when communication between two units is not possible.

1.4.2.6  Sixth Principle -Published Limits
The published limits of any airspace structure will be described inaccordance with ICAO provisions stated in Annexes 4 & 15 and Doc 8126.
o  The published limits refer to the horizontal and vertical dimensions of a defined airspace structure.

o  Application of the above for the publication of ATS routes will include:

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Upper/Lower Limits, as appropriate;

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Lateral Limits or RNP Type, as appropriate;

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Significant points; and

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Magnetic track of the ATS route (not applicable for RNAV routes).

1.4.2.7  Seventh Principle – Rules of Use
The Responsible Authority bears the obligation for ensuring that rules ofuse are established, published and complied with for the airspace structurewithin its area of responsibility.
o  Agreement should be established between parties involved to minimise any limitations imposed by rules of operations and/or ATS Procedures for the use of adjacent airspace structures through tactical co-ordination on a flight-by-flight basis, while ensuring the application of required separation minima.

1.4.3  Illustrations of Delineation of Airspace Boundaries
　
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