7.
ContJolSyste內(nèi)s . The costs in all these systems have taken into account modifications of the control systems. The control systems in most of these cases will have to be new to take into account theinjection ofsteam， and the heated and humidified compressedair，theHRSG， and all its associated equipments such as pumps.
Bibliography
Boyce，M.P.，Meher-Homji，C.B.， andLakshminarasimha，A.N.， ""Gas Turbine and Combined Cycle Technologies for Power and Efficiency Enhancement inPowerPlants，"" ASME 94-GT-435.
Boyce，M.P.， ""Turbo-Machinery for the NextMillennium，"" Russiα Gαs TuJbo-Technolofy Publicαtion， September-October 2000.
Boyce，M.P.， ""Advanced Cycles for Combined Cycle PowerPlants，"" Russiα Gαs TuJbo-Technolofy Publicαtion， November-December 2000.
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Chodkiewic.， R. ""A Recuperated Gas Turbine lncorporating External HeatSources in the Combined Gas-SteamCycle，"" ASME Paper No. 2000-GT-0593.
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Advanced Turbine SystemsMeeting， 1998.
3
Compressor and Turbine Performance Characteristics
This chapter examines the overall performance characteristics ofcompres-sors and turbines. This material is presented here to familiarize the readerwith the behavior of these machines， classified under the broad term ""tur-bomachinery."" Pumps and compressors are used to produce pressure; tur-bines produce power. These machines have some common characteristics.The main element is a rotor with blades orvanes， and the path ofthe fluid inthe rotor may be axial， radial， or a combination of both.
There are three methods of studying the elements of turbomachineryoperation. First， by examining forces and velocity diagrams， it is possibleto discover some general relationships betweencapacity， pressure，speed，and power. Second， comprehensive experimentation can be undertaken tostudy relationships between different variables.Third， without consideringthe actual mechanics， one can use dimensional analysis to derive a set of factors whose grouping can shed light on overall behavior. The analysis presented in this chapter shows the typical performance diagrams one can expect from turbomachines. Off-design performance is also important in understanding trends and operating curves.
Turbomachine Aerothermodynamics
The motion ofa gas can be studied in two different ways: (1) the motion ofeach gas particle can be studied to determine its position，velocity， acceler-ation， and state variation with time; (2) each particle can be studied to determine its variationinvelocity， acceleration， and the state of various particles at every location in space and in time. In studying the movement
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