(1)
Tests upon a balloon of the type for which certi.cation is requested or by calculations based on, and equal in accuracy to, the results of testing; and

(2)
Systematic investigation of each weight if compliance cannot be reasonably inferred from the weights investigated.

(b)
Except asprovidedinSec.31.17(b),allowableweighttolerancesduring.ighttesting are+5percentand -10percent.]

Amdt. 31-4, E.. 10/14/80
FAR31.14 :[Weightlimits.]
(a)
[The range ofweights over which the balloon may be safely operated must be esta-blished.

(b)
Maximum weight. The maximum weight is the highest weight at which compliance with each applicable requirement of thispartis shown. The maximum weight must be established so that it is not more than–

(i)
The highest weight selected by the applicant;

(ii)
The design maximum weight which is the highest weight at which compliance with each applicable structural loading condition of this part is shown; or

(iii) The highest weight at which compliance with each applicable .ight require-ment of this part is shown.

(c)
Theinformationestablishedunderparagraphs(a) and(b) ofthis sectionmustbe made available to the pilot in accordance with Sec. 31.81.]

Amdt. 31-3, E.. 2/1/77
FAR31.16 :[Empty weight.]
[The emptyweight must be determined by weighing the balloon with installed equip-ment but without lifting gas or heater fuel.] Amdt. 31-4, E.. 10/14/80
FAR31.17 :[Performance :Climb.]
(a)
[Each balloon must be capable of climbing at least 300 feet in the .rst minute after takeo. with a steady rate of climb. Compliance with the requirements of this section mustbe shown at each altitude and ambient temperaturefor which approval is sought.

(b)
Compliance with the requirements ofparagraph(a) of this section mustbe shown atthe maximum weight with a weighttolerance of+5percent.]

Amdt. 31-4, E.. 10/14/80
FAR31.19 :[Performance :Uncontrolleddescent.]
(a)
[The following must be determined for the most critical uncontrolled descent that canresultfrom any singlefailure of theheaterassembly,fuel cell system,gasvalue system, or maneuvering vent system, orfrom any single tearin theballoon envelope between tear stoppers :

(1)
The maximum vertical velocity attained.

(2)
The altitude loss from the point of failure to the point at which maximum vertical velocity is attained.

(3)
The altitude required to achieve level .ight after corrective action is initiated, with the balloon descending at the maximum vertical velocity determined in paragraph(a)(1) of this section.

(b)
Procedures must be established for landing at the maximum vertical velocity de-terminedinparagraph(a)(1) of this section andfor arresting thatdescent ratein accordance withparagraph(a)(3) of this section.]

Amdt. 31-4, E.. 10/14/80
FAR31.20 :[Controllability.]
[The applicant must show that the balloon is safely controllable and maneuverable during takeo., ascent,descent, andlanding without requiring exceptionalpiloting skill.] Amdt. 31-3, E.. 2/1/77
′
Elodie Roux. Septembre 2003
Subpart B : Flight Requirements
Chapitre 82
Subpart C : Strength Requirements
Sommaire
FAR31.21:Loads.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 FAR31.23:Flightloadfactor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104 FAR31.25:Factorof safety. .................. 1104 FAR31.27:Strength. ...................... 1104
1103
Subpart C : Strength Requirements
FAR 31.21 : Loads.
Strengthrequirements are speci.edin terms oflimitloads,that arethe maximumload tobe expectedin service, and ultimateloads, that arelimitloads multipliedbyprescribed factors of safety. Unless otherwise speci.ed, all prescribed loads are limit loads.
　
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