(b)
A factor of safety of at least .ve must be used in envelope design. A reduced factor of safety of at least two may be used if it is shown that the selected factor will preclude failure due to creep or instantaneous rupture from lack of rip stoppers. The selected factor must be applied to the more critical of the maximum operating pressure or envelope stress.
(c)
A factor of safety of at least .ve must be used in the design of all .brous or non-metallic parts of the rigging and related attachments of the envelope to basket, trapeze, or other means provided for carrying occupants. [The primary attach-ments of the envelopetothebasket,trapeze, or other meansprovidedfor carrying occupants mustbedesigned so thatfailureis extremely remote or so that any single failure will notjeopardize safety of .ight.]
(d)
In applying factors of safety, the e.ect of temperature, and other operating cha-racteristics, or both, that may a.ect strength of the balloon must be accounted for.
(e)
Fordesignpurposes, an occupant weight of atleast170pounds mustbe assumed. Amdt. 31-2, E.. 4/12/65
FAR 31.27 : Strength.
(a)
The structure must be able to support limit loads without detrimental e.ect.
(b)
The structure must be substantiated by test to be able to withstand the ultimate loads for at least three seconds without failure. For the envelope, a test of a repre-sentative part is acceptable, if the part tested is large enough to include critical seams,joints, andload attachmentpoints and members.
(c)
[An ultimate free-fall droptest must be made of the basket, trapeze, or other place provided for occupants. The test must be made at design maximum weight on a horizontal surface, with the basket, trapeze, or other means provided for carrying occupants, striking the surface at angles of 0, 15, and 30 degrees. The weight may bedistributed tosimulateactual conditions.Theremustbe nodistortionorfailure that is likely to cause serious injury to the occupants. A drop test height of 36 inches, or a drop test height that produces, upon impact, a velocity equal to the maximum vertical velocity determined in accordance with Sec. 31.19, whichever is higher, must be used.]
1.5.
Amdt. 31-4, E.. 10/14/80
Chapitre 83
Subpart D : Design Construction
Sommaire
FAR31.31:General.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 FAR31.33:Materials.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 FAR31.35:Fabricationmethods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 FAR31.37:Fastenings. ..................... 1106 FAR31.39:Protection. ..................... 1106 FAR31.41:Inspectionprovisions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1106 FAR31.43:Fittingfactor. ................... 1106 FAR31.45:Fuel cells. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 FAR31.46:[Pressurizedfuel systems.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1107 FAR31.47:[Burners.] ...................... 1107 FAR31.49:Control systems. .................. 1108 FAR31.51:Ballast. ....................... 1108 FAR31.53:Drag rope. ..................... 1108 FAR31.55:De.ationmeans. .................. 1109 FAR31.57:Rip cords.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109 FAR 31.59 : Trapeze, basket, or other means provided for oc-
cupants.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109 FAR31.61:[Staticdischarge.] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1109 FAR31.63:Safetybelts. .................... 1109 FAR31.65:Positionlights. ................... 1109
1105
Subpart D : Design Construction
FAR 31.31 : General.
The suitability of eachdesigndetail orpartthatbears on safety mustbe established by tests or analysis.
FAR 31.33 : Materials.
(a)
The suitability and durability of all materials must be established on the basis of experience or tests. Materials must conform to approved speci.cations that will ensure that they have the strength and other properties assumed in the design data.
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