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INTRODUCTION
The flight crew manually engages the modes.
However, they may change automatically, depending on the:
? AP, FD, and A/THR system integration
? Logical sequence of modes
? So-called "mode reversions".
AP, FD, ATHR SYSTEM INTEGRATION
There is a direct relationship between aircraft pitch control, and engine thrust control.
This relationship is designed to manage the aircraft's energy.
? If the AP/FD pitch mode controls a vertical trajectory (e.g. ALT, V/S, FPA, G/S):
A/THR controls speed
? If the AP/FD pitch mode controls a speed (e.g. OP CLB, OP DES):
A/THR controls thrust (THR CLB, THR IDLE)
? If no AP/FD pitch mode is engaged (i.e. AP is off and FD is off):
A/THR controls speed
Therefore, any change in the AP/FD pitch mode is associated with a change in the A/THR mode.
Note: For this reason, the FMA displays the A/THR mode and the AP/FD vertical mode columns next to each other.
THE LOGICAL SEQUENCE OF MODES
In climb, when the flight crew selects a climb mode, they usually define an altitude target, and expect the aircraft to capture and track this altitude. Therefore, when the flight crew selects a climb mode, the next logical mode is automatically armed.
For example:
AP/FD mode capture and tracking (1)
 
 
OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY
AP / FD / ATHR
 
The flight crew may also manually arm a mode in advance, so that the AP/FD intercepts a defined trajectory.
Typically, the flight crew may arm NAV, LOC-G/S, and APPNAV-FINAL. When the capture or tracking conditions occur, the mode will change sequentially.
AP/FD mode capture and tracking (2)
 
These logical mode changes occur, when the modes are armed. They appear in blue on the FMA. MODE REVERSIONS
GENERAL
Mode reversions are automatic mode changes that unexpectedly occur, but are designed to ensure coherent AP, FD, and A/THR operations, in conjunction with flight crew input (or when entering a F-PLN discontinuity).
For example, a reversion will occur, when the flight crew:
? Changes the FCU ALT target in specific conditions
? Engages a mode on one axis, that will automatically disengage the associated mode on the other axis
? Manually flies the aircraft with the FD on, but does not follow the FD orders, which leads to the aircraft to the limits of the flight envelope.
Due to the unexpected nature of their occurrence, the FMA should be closely-monitored for mode reversions.
FLIGHT CREW CHANGE OF FCU ALT TARGET ▸ ACTIVE VERTICAL MODE NOT POSSIBLE
FCU change resulting reversion to VS mode
 
This reversion to the V/S (FPA) mode on the current V/S target does not modify the pitch behaviour of the aircraft.
It is the flight crew’s responsibility to change it as required.
 
　
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本文鏈接地址：A330/A340 機組訓(xùn)練手冊 FCTM Flight Crew Training Manual 1(18)