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water.
SEA—Waves generated by the
existing winds in the area. These
wind waves are typically a chaotic
mix of heights, periods, and wavelengths.
Sometimes the term refers
to the condition of the surface
resulting from both wind waves
and swells.
SEA STATE CONDITION
NUMBER—A standard scale
ranging from 0-9 that indicates the
height of waves.
SEAPLANE — An airplane
designed to operate from water.
Seaplanes are further divided into
flying boats and floatplanes.
SEAPLANE LANDING
AREA—Any water area designated
for the landing of seaplanes.
SEAWARD—The direction away
from shore.
SECONDARY SWELLS—Those
swell systems of less height than
the primary swell.
SISTER KEELSONS—Structural
members in the front portion of
floats lying parallel to the keel and
midway between the keel and
chines, adding structural rigidity
and adding to directional stability
when on the water.
SKEG—A robust extension of the
keel behind the step which helps
prevent the seaplane from tipping
back onto the rear portion of the
float.
LEEWARD—Downwind, or the
downwind side of an object.
MOOR—To secure or tie the
seaplane to a dock, buoy, or
other stationary object on the
surface.
NUN BUOYS—Conical buoys
marking the left side of a channel
for an inbound vessel. They often
have even numbers that increase as
the vessel progresses from seaward.
PLAIN SKI—Atype of aircraft ski
that can only be used on snow or ice,
as compared to combination skis,
which also allow the use of the
skiplane’s wheels for landing on
runways.
PLANING POSITION—The attitude
of the seaplane when the entire
weight of the aircraft is supported
by hydrodynamic and aerodynamic
lift, as it is during high-speed taxi or
just prior to takeoff. This position
produces the least amount of water
drag. Also called the step position,
or “on the step.”
PLOWING POSITION—A nose
high, powered taxi characterized by
high water drag and an aftward shift
of the center of buoyancy. The
weight of the seaplane is supported
primarily by buoyancy, and partially
by hydrodynamic lift.
POP-OUT FLOATS—Helicopter
floats that are stored deflated on the
skids or in compartments along the
lower portion of the helicopter, and
deployed in the event of an emergency
landing on water.
Compressed nitrogen or helium
inflates the floats very quickly.
PORPOISING—Arhythmic pitching
motion caused by an incorrect
planing attitude during takeoff.
PORT—The left side or the
direction to the left of a vessel.
PRIMARY SWELL—The swell
system having the greatest height
from trough to crest.
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SKIDS-ON-FLOATS—A type of
helicopter float design where the
rigid portion of the landing gear
rests on the floats. The floats support
the whole weight of the helicopter
in water or on hard surfaces.
SKIPPING — Successive sharp
bounces along the water surface
caused by excessive speed or an
improper planing attitude when the
seaplane is on the step.
SPONSONS—Short, winglike projections
from the sides of the hull
near the waterline of a flying boat.
Their purpose is to stabilize the hull
from rolling motion when the flying
boat is on the water, and they may
also provide some aerodynamic
lift in flight. Tip floats also are
sometimes known as sponsons.
SPRAY RAILS—Metal flanges
attached to the inboard forward portions
of the chines to reduce the
amount of water spray thrown into
the propeller.
STARBOARD—The right side or
the direction to the right of a vessel.
STEP—An abrupt break in the
longitudinal lines of the float or
hull, which reduces water drag and
allows the pilot to vary the pitch
attitude when running along the
water’s surface.
STEP POSITION—The attitude of
the seaplane when the entire weight
of the aircraft is supported by
hydrodynamic and aerodynamic
lift, as it is during high-speed taxi or
just prior to takeoff. This position
produces the least amount of water
drag. Also called the planing position.
SWELL—Waves that continue
after the generating wind has ceased
or changed direction. Swells also
are generated by ships and boats in
　
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